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As0{0 `B| &3dgc?0~H0y`/f ,xx2̡9ɌA#9r pN  Cz Na?9$?f@ ;:p8p=|<8)d A9  3ptyÃ9sO$ x)Ia<ƀ GSSB=~ S)LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green128\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 EPISCOPACY\par \par Episcopacy\par \par (\par <START GREEK>e)pi/skopo$\par <END GREEK>, bishop; \par <START GREEK>e)piskopei=n\par <END GREEK>, to superintend), the government of bishops in the Church, whether as an order superior to presbyters or not. For the classes, duties, insignia, elections, and jurisdiction of bishops, See BISHOP. For the controversy as to the exclusive validity of Episcopal orders, See SUCCESSION, APOSTOLICAL. We give, in this article, a brief statement of the origin of Episcopacy, and of the theories of Episcopacy maintained in the prominent Episcopal churches of Christendom.\par \par I. Origin of Episcopacy. \emdash The high Episcopal writers, both of the Church of Rome and the Church of England, maintain that the order of bishops takes the place of the apostles in the Christian Church by direct divine appointment. Their view has been stated as follows: "While our Lord remained upon earth he acted as the immediate governor of his Church. Having himself called the apostles, he kept them constantly about his person, except at one time, when he sent them forth upon a short progress through the cities of Judea, and gave them particular directions how they should conduct themselves. The seventy disciples whom he sent forth at another time are never mentioned again in the New Testament. But the apostles received from him many intimations that their office was to continue after his departure; and as one great object of his ministry was to qualify them for the execution of this office, so, in the interval between his resurrection and his ascension, he explained to them the duties of it, and he invested them with the\par authority which the discharge of those duties implied (\cf2\ul Mat_28:19-20\cf1\ulnone ; \cf2\ul Joh_20:21-22\cf1\ulnone ). Soon afteLVALr the ascension of Jesus, his apostles received those extraordinary gifts of which his promise had given them assurance, and immediately they began to execute their commission as the rulers of that society which was gathered by their preaching. In Acts vi we find the apostles ordering the Christians at Jerusalem to 'look out seven men of honest report,' who might take charge of the daily ministrations to the poor, and to bring the men so chosen to them, that 'we,' said the apostles, ' may appoint them over this business.' The men accordingly were 'set before the apostles, and when they had prayed they laid their hands on them.' Here are the apostles ordaining deacons. Afterward we find St. Paul, in his progress through Asia Minor, ordaining in every church elders, \par <START GREEK>presbute(rou$\par <END GREEK> (Acts 14:23). The men thus ordained by St. Paul appear, from the Acts and the Epistles, to have been teachers, pastors, overseers, of the flock of Christ; and to Timothy, who was a minister of the Word, the apostle speaks of 'the gift which is in thee by the putting on of my hands' (2 Tim 1:6). Over the persons to whom he thus conveyed the office of teaching he exercised jurisdiction, for he sent to Ephesus to the elders of the church to meet him at Miletus; and there, in a long discourse, gave them a solemn charge (Acts 20:17-35), and to Timothy and Titus he writes epistles in the style of a superior. He not only directs Timothy, whom he had besought to abide at Ephesus, how to behave himself in the house of God as a minister, but he sets him over other ministers. He empowers him to ordain men to the work of the ministry (2 Tim 2:2). He gives him directions about the ordination of bishops and deacons; he places both these\par kinds of office-bearers in Ephesus under his inspection, instructing him in what manner to receive an accusation against an elder who labored in word and doctrine; and he commands him to charge some that they teach no other doctrine but the form of sound words. In likeLVAL manner he describes to Titus the qualifications of a bishop or elder, making him the judge how far any person in Crete was possessed of these qualifications; he gives him authority over all orders of Christians there; and he empowers him to reject heretics. Here, then, is that apostle with whose actions we are best acquainted seemingly aware that there would be continual occasion in the Christian Church for the exercise of that authority over pastors and teachers which the apostles had derived from the Lord Jesus; and by these two examples of a delegation, given during his lifetime, preparing the world for beholding that authority exercised by the successors of the apostles in all ages. Accordingly, the earliest Christian writers tell us that the apostles, to prevent contention, appointed bishops and deacons; giving orders, too, that upon their death other approved men should succeed in their ministry. We are told that the other apostles constituted their first-fruits, that is, their first disciples, after they had proved them by the Spirit, bishops and deacons of those who were to believe; and that the apostle John, who survived the rest, after returning from Patmos, the place of his banishment, went about the neighboring nations, ordaining bishops, establishing whole churches, and setting apart particular persons for the ministry, as they were\par pointed out to him by the Spirit" (Watson, s.v.). In substance, the high Episcopalians claim that "after the ascension of our Lord, and before the death of the inspired apostles, there were in the Church three orders in the ministry \emdash apostles, presbyters, and deacons; and these three orders have continued ever since. The name apostle, out of respect to the memory of the inspired apostles, was changed to bishop, while the office remained the same."\par \par The view above given, however satisfactory it may be to high Episcopalians, is not adopted by the more moderate writers on that side, nor by other denominations of Christians. The following bLVALrief account, from Neander's Introduction to Coleman's Apostolical and Primitive Church, is both lucid and impartial. "The earliest constitution of the Church was modeled, for the most part, after that religious community with which it stood in closest connection, and to which it was most assimilated the Jewish synagogue. This, however, was so modified as to conform to the nature of the Christian community, and to the new and peculiar spirit with which it was animated. Like the synagogue, the Church was governed by an associated body of men appointed for this purpose. The name of presbyters, which was appropriated to this body, was derived from the Jewish synagogue. But in the Gentile churches formed by the apostle Paul they took the name of \par <START GREEK>e)pi/skopoi\par <END GREEK>, bishops, a term more significant of their office in the language generally spoken by the members of these churches. The name presbyter denoted the dignity of their office, while bishop, on the other hand, was expressive rather of the nature of their office, \par <START GREEK>e)piskopei=n th\\n e)kklhsi/an\par <END GREEK>, to take the\par oversight of the Church. Most certainly no other distinction originally existed between them. But, in process of time, some one, in the ordinary course of events, would gradually obtain the pre-eminence over his colleagues, and, by reason of that peculiar oversight which he exercised over the whole community, might come to be designated by the name \par <START GREEK>e)pi/skopo$\par <END GREEK>, bishop, which was originally applied to them all indiscriminately. The constant tumults, from within and from without, which agitated the Church in the time of the apostles, may have given to such a one opportunity to exercise his influence the more efficiently; so that, at such a time, the controlling influence of one in this capacity may have been very salutary to the Church. This change in the relation of the presbyters to each other was not the same in all the churches, but varied acLVALcording to their different circumstances. It may have been as early as the latter part of the life of John, when he was sole survivor of the other apostles, that one, as president of this body of presbyters, was distinguished by the name of \par <START GREEK>e)pi/skopo$\par <END GREEK>, bishop. There is, however, no evidence that the apostle himself introduced this change, much less that he authorized it as a perpetual ordinance for the future. Such an ordinance is in direct opposition to the spirit of that apostle. This change in the mode of administering the government of the Church, resulting from peculiar circumstances, may have been introduced as a salutary expedient, without implying any departure from the purity of the Christian spirit. When, however, the doctrine is, as it gradually gained currency in the third century \emdash that the\par bishops are by divine right the head of the Church, and invested with the government of the same; that they are the successors of the apostles, and by this succession inherit apostolical authority; that they are the medium through which, in consequence of that ordination which they have received merely in an outward manner, the Holy Ghost, in all time to come, must be transmitted to the Church when this becomes the doctrine of the Church, we certainly must perceive in these assumptions a great corruption of the Christian system. It is a carnal perversion of the true idea of the Christian Church. It is a falling back into the spirit of the Jewish religion. Instead of the Christian idea of a church, based on inward principles of communion, and extending itself by means of these, it presents us with the image of one like that under the Old Testament, resting in outward ordinances, and seeking to promote the propagation of the kingdom of God by external rites. This entire perversion of the original view of the Christian Church was itself the origin of the whole system of the Roman Catholic religion, the germ from which sprung the popery of the Dark Ages. We LVALhold, indeed, no controversy with that class of Episcopalians who adhere to the Episcopal system as well adapted, in their opinion, to the exigencies of their Church. But the doctrine of the absolute necessity of the Episcopal as the only valid form of government, and of the Episcopal succession of bishops above mentioned in order to a participation in the gifts of the Spirit, we must regard as something foreign to the true idea of the Christian Church. It is in direct\par conflict with the spirit of Protestantism, and is the origin, not of the true catholicism of the apostle, but of that of the Romish Church. When, therefore, Episcopalians disown, as essentially deficient in their ecclesiastical organization, other Protestant churches which evidently have the spirit of Christ, it only remains for us to protest, in the strongest terms, against their setting up such a standard for the Christian Church. Far be it from us, who began with Luther in the Spirit, that we should now desire to be made perfect by the flesh (Gal 3:3)."\par \par Bunsen gives the following view of the original character of the Episcopacy: "The episcopate was originally the independent position of a city clergyman, presiding over the congregation, with the neighboring villages, having a body of elders attached to him. Where such a council can be formed there is a complete Church \emdash a bishopric. The elders are teachers and administrators. If an individual happen to be engaged in either of these offices mose exclusively than the other, it makes no real alteration in his position, for the presbyters of the ancient Church filled both situations. Their office was literally an Office, not a rank. The country clergymen were most probably members of the ecclesiastical council of the city church, as the bishops of the country towns certainly were members of the metropolitan presbytery" (Hippolytus and his Age, 3:246).\par \par Professor R.D. Hitchcock (American Presbyterian Review, January 1867) gives a luminous sketch of the oriLVALgin and growth of Episcopacy. Admitting that the Episcopal system was in full force in the Church before the end of the third century, he shows\par clearly, nevertheless, that it was not of apostolical origin, but a later growth of ecclesiastical development, as follows: (1.) The best Episcopal writers now admit that the Episcopal system is not to be found in the N.T. (2.) The earliest witness, outside of the N.T., is Clement of Rome (about A.D. 100), in whose Epistle to the Corinthians the words bishop and presbyter are used interchangeably. Dr. Hitchcock analyzes the letters of Ignatius (\'86 115?) both in the Syriac version of his Epistles and in the shorter Greek version, giving every passage in which Episcopacy occurs. His conclusions are that, (1.) Admitting the substantial integrity of the texts, the strong infusion of Episcopacy in them "is best explained by supposing it to be a new thing, which Ignatius was doing, always and everywhere, his utmost to recommend. As special pleading for a novelty, the Episcopal tone of the Ignatian epistles is easily understood. (2.) The Ignatian Episcopacy is not diocesan, but Congregational. Each of the churches addressed had its own bishop, presbyters, and deacons. (3.) The apostolic succession (in Ignatius) is not Episcopal, but Presbyterian. The bishop is the representative of Christ, as Christ is of the Father; the presbyters are representatives of the apostles, and the deacons of the precept or commandment of Christ. In short, the Ignatian Episcopacy, instead of having the appearance of a settled polity, handed down from the apostles, has the appearance of being a new and growing institution, unlike what went before as well as what was coming after" (Amer. Presb. Review, January1867, page 145). \emdash The next witness is Irenaeus (\'86 202), who, according to Dr. Hitchcock, commonly uses the words "bishop,"\par "episcopal," "episcopate" in the Ignatian Congregational sense; while in certain cited passages he uses "bishop" and "presbyter" interchangeLVALably, as Clement does. This "wavering terminology is indicative, not of apostolic tradition, but of later genesis and growth, and that growth not yet completed." \emdash Tertullian (\'86 240?) draws the line distinctly between clergy and laity, and discriminates clearly between bishops, priests, and deacons. In Cyprian (248-258), as has been remarked above, Episcopacy is fully matured. (See CHURCH, 2:328.)\par \par II. Episcopacy of the Roman Catholic Church. \emdash \par \par (1.) 'The theory of the Episcopacy according to Roman writers springs from the Romish doctrine of a visible Church. "An invisible Church" (Mohler, Symbolism, \'a7 43) "needs only an inward, purely spiritual sacrifice, and a general priesthood;" but the visible Church, in its very idea, according to the Romish view, requires an external sacrifice, and the consecration of especial priests to perform it. The priest is supposed to receive the internal consecration from God through the external consecration of the Church \emdash that is to say, he receives the Holy Ghost through the imposition of hands of the bishops. The stability of the visible Church is supposed to require, therefore, an ecclesiastical ordination, originating with Christ, and perpetuated in uninterrupted succession; so that, as the apostles were sent forth by Christ, they, in their turn, instituted bishops, and these have appointed their successors down to our days. But, if these bishops are to\par together, and exercising jurisdiction over them, and this head is found in the pope. The Episcopacy, with the pope at its head, is revered in the Church of Rome as a divine institution.\par \par (2.) We say \cf3\b "with the pope at its head,'"\cf1\b0 for this point is essential to the Romish idea of an Episcopacy jure divino. The Roman Church has been divided on this question for ages. It formed one of the chief controversies in the Council of Trent, where many of the bishops earnestly endeavored to have their office pronounced to be of divine right apart froLVALm the pope, while the papal legates strenuously, but adroitly, resisted this claim, and managed to prevent its authorization by the council. The declarations of Trent on the subject are as follows (sess. 23, De Reformatione; chapter 4): \cf3\b "The sacred and holy synod declares that, besides the other ecclesiastical degrees, bishops, who have succeeded unto the place of the apostles, principally belong to the (this) hierarchical order; that they are placed, as the apostle says, by the Holy Ghost to rule the Church of God (Acts 20:28); that they are superior to priests; confer the sacrament of ordination; ordain the ministers of the Church, etc." \cf1\b0 Further (same session, Can. 6): \cf3\b "If any one shall say that in the Catholic Church there is not a hierarchy instituted by divine ordination, consisting of bishops, priests, and ministers, let him be anathema."\cf1\b0 And also (Can. 7), "If any one shall say that bishops are not superior to priests, or that they have not the power of confirming and ordaining, etc., let him be anathema." Nothing is said here of the divine right of the Episcopal order. But, in fact, it is not even called an order at all. In chapter 2 of the same: session (Touching the seven orders) we have\par priests, deacons, subdeacons, acolytes, exorcists, readers, and door-keepers, but not a word about bishops; So far as order is concerned, the bishops are simply priests. The Catechism of the Council of Trent declares that the order of priesthood, though essentially one, has different degrees of dignity and power \emdash 1, simple priests; 2, bishops; 3, archbishops; 4, patriarchs; and, 5, superior to all, the sovereign pontiff. The history of the stormy 22 d session of the council throws great light upon these decrees. A canon was proposed concerning "the institution of bishops," and the Spanish prelates demanded an addition to it, declaring the Episcopate to be of divine right. This question arose, in fact, in 1546, and was before the council, in some shape or other, untiLVALl 1562 (sess. 22), when it took the precise form, "Are bishops superior to priests by divine right, or only by ecclesiastical and papal right?" The pope knew that if it should be decided that the bishops held their power directly from God, there was no ground for the doctrine that they existed only through the pope, and feared that they would ultimately assert their entire independence. The dispute ended in dropping altogether the canon on the "institution of bishops," and substituting the vague decree and canon above cited.\par \par (3.) Two theories, then, of the Episcopate exist in the Roman Church:\par \par 1,\tab the so-called Papal system, according to which the pope is the sole bishop by divine right, and all other bishops exist only through him, and derive their\par superiority to presbyters solely from him;\par \par 2,\tab the Episcopal system, which asserts an independent divine right on the part of each bishop. The former is the ultramontane view, and it is now prevalent throughout almost all the Roman world. The latter is the moderate or Gallic view. It holds that the bishops are the rightful governors of the Church, superior to presbyters by the direct appointment of God; and maintains that the pope is, with regard to other bishops, primus inter pares, appointed for the sake of keeping up the unity of the Church as a corporate body. The question, in fact, turns upon that of the primacy of the see of Rome. See PRIMACY. The Episcopal theory was adopted by the Gallican clergy See GALLICANISM, by the Jansenists (q.v.), and by Hontheim (q.v.). The present tendency of the entire Romish Church, however, is to the ultramontane theory.\par \par The Romish Episcopacy, as a whole, is diocesan. See DIOCESE. The clergy of the diocese are subject to the bishop, but his authority does not extend beyond the diocese. There are, besides the diocesan bishops, bishops vacantes, bishops in partibus, bishops suffragan, etc., for which distinctions, See BISHOPS. "The division of the Church into dioceseLVALs may be viewed as a natural consequence of the institution of the office of bishops. The authority to exercise jurisdiction, whein committed to several hands, requires that some boundaries be defined within which each party may employ his powers, otherwise disorder and confusion would ensue, and the Church, instead of being benefited by the appointment of governors, might be exposed to the double\par calamity of an overplus of them in one district, and a total deficiency of them in another. Hence we find, so early as the New-Testament history, some plain indications of the rise of the diocesan system in the cases respectively of James, bishop of Jerusalem; Timothy, bishop of Ephesus; Titus, of Crete, to whom may be added the angels or bishops of the seven churches in Asia. These were placed in cities, and had jurisdiction over the churches and inferior clergy in those cities, and probably in the country adjacent. The first dioceses were formed by planting a bishop in a city or considerable village, where he officiated statedly, and took the spiritual charge, not only of the city itself, but the suburbs, or region lying round about it, within the verge of its [civil] jurisdiction, which seems to be the plain reason of that great and visible difference which we find in the extent of dioceses, some being very large, others very small, according as the civil government of each city happened to have a larger or lesser jurisdiction" (Hook). See Bingham, Orig. Eccl. bk. ix, ch. 2. The bishops are named from the principal city of the diocese, as Rome, Lyons, etc. There were bishops, not diocesan, in Ireland, until the 12 th century (see Christian Remembrancer, January 1855, page 215). While the Romish bishops are independent of each other, they are all subordinate to the pope, and must make regular returns to him of the state of their dioceses. See BISHOPS.\par \par III. \par \par (1.) \cf3\b The Church of England and the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States hold that there are three orders LVALof ministers in the Church, bishops, priests, and deacons, and that bishops are the successors of the apostles, and superior to priests and deacons. T\cf1\b0 he High-Church theory maintains the divine right of Episcopacy, and its absolute necessity to the existence of the Church; the Low-Church party deny that there is any positive command upon the subject in Scripture, or that there is anything in the standards of the Church of England which makes episcopacy to be of the essence of a church. The High-Churchmen maintain, and the Low-Churchmen reject the theory of the "exclusive validity of episcopal orders." See SUCCESSION. In the preface to the ordinal of the Church of England, and of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States, it is declared as "evident unto all men diligently reading holy Scripture and ancient authors, that from the apostles' time there have been these orders of ministers in Christ's Church, bishops, priests, and deacons." The doctrine of those churches in general is, "That there is in the Church a superior order of office-bearers, the successors of the apostles, who possess in their own persons the right of ordination and jurisdiction, and who are called \par <START GREEK>e)pi/skopoi\par <END GREEK>, as being the overseers not only of the people, but also of the clergy; and an inferior order of ministers, called presbyters, the literal translation of the word \par <START GREEK>presbu/teroi\par <END GREEK>, which is rendered in our English Bibles elders, persons who receive from the ordination of the bishop power to preach and to administer the sacraments, who are set over the people, but are themselves under the government of\par the bishop, and have no right to convey to others the sacred office which he gives them authority to exercise under him." According to a phrase used by Charles I, who was by no means an unlearned defender of that form of government to which he was a martyr, the presbyters are episcopigregis [bishops of the flock], but the bishops are episcoLVALpi gregis et pastorum [bishops of the flock and of the pastors.] "The liberal writers, however, in the Church of England do not contend that this form of government is made so binding in the Church as not to be departed from and varied according to circumstances. It cannot be proved, says Dr. Paley, that any form of church government was laid down in the Christian as it had been in the Jewish Scriptures, with a view of fixing a constitution for succeeding ages. The truth seems to have been, that such offices were at first erected in the Christian Church as the good order, the instruction, and the exigencies of the society at that time required, without any intention, at least without any declared design of regulating the appointment, authority, or the distinction of Christian ministers under future circumstances." To the same effect, also, Bishop Tomline says, "It is not contended that the bishops, priests, and deacons of England are at present precisely the same that bishops, presbyters, and deacons were in Asia Minor seventeen hundred years ago. We only maintain that there have always been bishops, priests, and deacons in the Christian Church since the days of the apostles, with different powers and functions, it is allowed, in different countries and at different periods; but the general principles and duties which have respectively characterized these clerical orders have been essentially\par the same at all times and in all places, and the variations which they have undergone have only been such as have ever belonged to all persons in public situations, whether civil or ecclesiastical, and which are, indeed, indispensable from every thing in which mankind are concerned in this transitory and fleeting world. I have thought it right to take this general view of the ministerial office, and to make these observations upon the clerical orders subsisting in this kingdom, for the purpose of pointing out the foundation and principles of Church authority, and of showing that our ecclesiastical establishmLVALent is as nearly conformable as change of circumstances will permit to the practice of the primitive Church. But, though I flatter myself that I have proved episcopacy to be an apostolical institution, yet I readily acknowledge that there is no precept in the New Testament which commands that every church should be governed by bishops. No church can exist without some government; but, though there must be rules and orders for the proper discharge of the offices of public worship, though there must be fixed regulations concerning the appointment of ministers, and though a subordination among them is expedient in the highest degree, yet it does not follow that all these things must be precisely the same in every Christian country; they may vary with the other varying circumstances of human society, with the extent of a country, the manners of its inhabitants, the nature of its civil government, and many other peculiarities which might be specified. As it has not pleased our Almighty Father to prescribe any particular form of civil government for the security of temporal comforts to his rational creatures, so\par neither has he prescribed any particular form of ecclesiastical polity as absolutely necessary to the attainment of eternal happiness. But he has, in the most explicit terms, enjoined obedience to all governors, whether civil or ecclesiastical, and whatever may be their denomination, as essential to the character of a true Christian. Thus the Gospel only lays down general principles, and leaves the application of them to men as free agents." Bishop Tomline, however, and the High-Episcopalians of the Church of England, contend for an original distinction in the office and order of bishops and presbyters; which notion is contradicted by the founder of the Church of England, Archbishop Cranmer, who says, "The bishops and priests were at one time, and were not two things;' but both one office in the beginning of Christ's religion" (Watson). On the inconsistency of the position of that portion of thLVAL e so-called evangelical Episcopalians which holds that bishops are really successors of the apostles, see an admirable article in the Princeton Review, January 1856 (art. 1).\par \par (2.) The episcopacy of the Church of England is diocesan, like that of the Church of Rome, and the bishops are named from the chief city of the diocese (London, York, etc.). In the Protestant Episcopal churches the dioceses are generally coterminous with the States of the Union, and the bishops are named accordingly (Delaware, Connecticut, etc.). The larger states are in some instances subdivided. "In the American Church the bishops are all of equal authority each ruling his own diocese independently of the\par control of an ecclesiastical superior. No bishop is amenable to any central authority." There are no archbishops; but assistant and missionary bishops are authorized. See BISHOPS, AND PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH. \par \par IV. Methodist Episcopal Church. \emdash \par \par (1.) \cf3\b The episcopacy of the Methodist Episcopal Church is believed to be nearer to the apostolic model than that of the churches which maintain the apostolical succession. Its simple idea, is, that certain elders are chosen from the body of the presbyters to superintend the Church, and are called bishops or superintendents, both terms being used in the Methodist ritual. The bishops, in virtue of their functions, naturally stand above their brethren. With regard to the ordinary functions of the ministry, they do not differ from other ministers; but extraordinary functions, such as ordaining, presiding in assemblies, and the like, are devolved upon them by their brethren, and exercised by them exclusively and of right \emdash right not divine, but ecclesiastical and human, founded uLVAL!stor, it is natural and necessary that one should preside over the rest," and that "certain functions should be reserved to him" \cf1\b0 (Buigener, Council of Trent, book 5, chapter 2). It is not contrary to the essence of the ministry, but rather in harmony with its missionary and pastoral aims, that the presidency thus arising should last for life, and that he who exercises it should\par govern the body of pastors according to laws adopted and approved by them, should appoint the ministers to their work, and should exercise all the functions necessary to an effective and vigorous superintendency; and if the superintendent or bishop is appointed for life, it is quite in accordance with scriptural usage that he should be set apart for his work by "the laying on of hands." Accordingly, the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church are elected by the General Conference (q.v.) for life, and are ordained according to a special form, modified from the ordinal of the Church of England (Discipline, pt. ii, chap. in). The limits of their authority are clearly set forth in the Book of Discipline (part 1, chapter 4). A bishop is amenable, not to the bench of bishops, but to the General Conference, which may even " expel him for improper conduct if they deem it necessary" (Discipline, part 1, chapter 9). "In the American branch of the Methodist Church, episcopacy exists not only in the form in which it does in every English circuit \emdash which is the old parochial episcopacy \emdash but by formally committing general oversight into the hands of bishops, who have no other charge. These claim no superiority in order over their brethren, but exercise well-defined powers, simply as an arrangement of the Church for its own welfare \emdash an arrangement which has worked admirably; and it may be questioned whether any form of church government in the world has more of the elements of power and permanence than this, which expresses Wesley's own idea of a fully organized church" (Lond. Quarterly Review, July 1856,LVAL" page 530).\par \par It has been objected to the Methodist episcopacy that, while the theory of the Church admits but two orders in the ministry, the separate ordination of bishops really implies three. But the objection is groundless. (See above, II, 2.) In fact, the number of "orders" has always been an open question, even in the Roman Church; the Council of Trent did not settle it (compare Canons of Trent, sess. 13, can. 2). The "balance of authority, even from the earliest ages, certainly inclines to consider the episcopate, as an order, to be identical with the priesthood, not the completion of it" (Maskell, Monumenta Ritualia, 3:81. So also Palmer: "If we understand the word order in, the sense of degree, we may say that there are three orders of the Christian ministry; but if we distribute it according to its nature, there are but two, viz. bishops (or presbyters) and deacons" (On the Church, part 6, \'a7 1).\par \par Some Methodist writers have maintained that three orders, bishops, priests, and deacons, belong to the constitution of the Church as laid down in Scripture, and therefore that the episcopal office is not simply an ecclesiastical one. See especially Grayson, The Church and the Ministry (Louisville, 1853, 8 vo).\par \par (2.) The Methodist episcopacy is not diocesan, like that of the churches of Rome and England, but general and itinerant. Instead of being confined to a city or district, the bishop is, required to "travel at large;" and if "he cease from traveling without the consent of the General Conference, he cannot thereafter exercise the episcopal office." See CONFERENCES, AND METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. While, under the Methodist\par system, the bishops do not claim to be "successors of the apostles," or to be endowed, either as individuals or collectively, with superior authority to teach or to govern, apart from power given them by the body of presbyters as represented in the General Conference, it yet appears to be clear that, as to their functions and jurisdiction,LVAL# they approach nearer to the apostolical idea than bishops under the diocesan system. Dollinger (perhaps the ablest of living Romanist writers), in maintaining that "bishops are the successors of the apostles, and have received their authority," is yet forced to admit that, under the Roman episcopal system, the authority of bishops is strictly limited to a particular diocese, while the jurisdiction of the apostles " extended to every part of the earth, wheresoever their universal vocation to convert the nations and to found churches conducted them" (Church History, 1:226, Lond. 1840). Under the Methodist system, a bishop may preside in a Conference and ordain presbyters in March in New York, in May in Illinois, in July in California, in October in China, and in December in Germany.\par \par (3.) The Methodist episcopacy was instituted by Wesley. During the Revolutionary War in America, most of the clergy of the Church of England left the country. Before the war, the American preachers, like those in England, had been forbidden to administer the sacraments: the people were sent to the clergy of the Church of England for baptism and the Lord's Supper. After the war the societies were without the ordinances, and were likely to be disbanded in consequence. After duly considering the exigency, Mr. Wesley (who had previously in vain urged the bishop of London to ordain preachers for America) determined to organize the American Methodists into an independent Episcopal Church,\par and ordained the Reverend Thomas Coke, LL.D., as superintendent, and Richard, Whatcoat and Thomas Vasev as elders. In 1784 the Rev. Francis Asbury was ordained by Dr. Coke, and. the Methodist Episcopal Church was duly organized the first American Episcopal Church. See METHODISM. Mr. Wesley did not pretend to ordain bishops in any other sense than according to his view of primitive episcopacy, in which, as he maintained, bishops and presbyters are the same order. The grounds of his procedure in the case are stated in his "Letter tLVAL$o Dr. Coke and Mr. Asbury," prefixed to "Sunday Service of the Methodists" (1784); given also in Watson's Life of Wesley (page 244). An excellent sketch of the rise of the Methodist episcopacy is given by Stevens, History of Methodism, volume 2.\par \par V. The Moravian Church (Unitas Fratrum) holds to episcopacy. Their bishops, however, are not diocesan. The history of the preservation of the episcopate is given in De Schweinitz, The Moravian Episcopate: (Bethlehem 1865). See MORAVIANS.\par \par See Canones et Decreta Concil. Trident., sess. xxiii; Catechism of the Council of Trent, part 2, Sacrament of Orders; Bungener, History of the Council of Trent, book 5, chapter 2; Elliott, Delineation of Romanism, book 2, chapter 15; Mohler, Symbolism, \'a7 43; Rothe, Anf\'e4nge d. christlichen Kirche, vol. i; Baur, Ursprung des Episcopats (Tabingen, 1838, 8 vo); Neander, Church History, 1:190; Mosheim, Ch. History, volume 1; Killen, Ancient Church, section 3, chapters 6, 7; Coleman, Ancient Christianity,\par chapter 8; Coleman, Apostolical and Primitive Church, chapter 6; Lord King, Primitive Church (12 mo); Bangs, Original Church of Christ (N.Y. 12 mo); Schaff, History of the Christian Church, volume 1, \'a7 107, 108; Emory, On Episcopacy; Emory, Defence of our Fathers (N.York, 8 vo); Wesley, Works, 7:312; Stillingfleet, Irenicum, 8 vo; Stevens, History of Methodism, volume 2, chapters 6, 7; Watson, Life of Wesley, chapter 13; Burnet, History of English Reformation, 1:400, 586; 4:176; Porter, Compendium of Methodism; Princeton Review, January 1856; Lightfoot, On Philippians (1868), Appendix; The Rise of the Episcopate (New Englander, July, 1867); Palmer, On the Church (High-Church view), 2:349 sq.; Hinds, Rise and Early Progress of Christianity (Encyclop. Metropol. London, 1850, 12 mo); and the article SUCCESSION. The High-Episcopal view is well stated for modern readers in Vox Ecclesiae (Philadelphia, 1866, 12 mo); the moderate, in Litton, The Church of Christ (Lond. 1851, 8 vo; Phila. 1853, 8 vo).\paLVALr (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par \par } MGV+ g @ W 0  z /   J  c . [(wNe,e>e0e@2 {8MDAICHING@Y"LDAIBOTHf@X KDAI-NITZ NO-RAI@X0$JDAHOMEY, RELIGION OF @W:.IDAHNE, AUGUST FERDINAND @V@4HDAHME, GEORG CHRISTIAN4@U>2GDAHMAN@UFDAHLMAN, JOHN JACOB WILLIAM @TH<EDAHLER, JEAN GEORGE@S8,DDAHL, JOHANN CHRISTIAN WILHELM @RNBCDAGURR@QBDAGUMF@PADAGUET, PIERRE ANTOINE ALEXANDRE@PRF@DAGUERRE, JEANt@O."?DAGONEL, PIERRE@O0$>DAGON'S HOUSE+L, =DAGON&'I<DAGOBERTUS@H&;DAGOBA @H:DAGO@G9DAGIN, FRANCESCOJ@G2&8DAGILA@F7DAGGETT, OLIVER ELLSWORTH:@FD86DAGGETT, NAPHTALI@E4(5DAGGETT, LEVI, JR@D4(4DAGGETT, HERMANL@D0$3DAGGER@C2DAGG, JOHN L. @C, 1DAGAN, BISHOP@B, 0DAGAMUS@A /DAGAMUNDUSF@A&.DAFROSA@A -DAES, JAMES@@(,DAELMAN, KAREL GHISLAINd@@@4+DAEDAE TAENGRI@?."*DADU PANTHIS @>*)DADSWELL, JAMES(@=0$(DADO@='DADGAHJ@<&DADFUCHID@<"%DADESb@;$DADDI, COSIMO@;, #DADDI, BERNARDO@;0$"DADDAEUS@:"!DADAS@: DACUNUS*@: DACTYLIOMANCY@9, DACT LI IDAEI@9, DACRIANUS@8$DACOBI@8DACIUS, ST.&@7(DACIANUSb@7"DACHSEL, GEORG CHRISTOPH@6B6DACHONNA@6"DACHIAROGv@5$DACH SIMON@5&DACE, JOHN@4&DABRIA@4DABRECOG @4"DABONNA@3 DABOI@3DABNEY, JOHN B.L@30$DABLON, CLAUDEH@2."DABIUS@2 DABIS@1 DABILLON, ANDRE@10$ DABHEOGd@0  DABERNA, GIUSEPPE>@04( DABERATHh."DABBS, RICHARD8@+."DABBASHETHT,&DABAREH@+ DABAIBA@+ DA COSTA, ISAAC @*0$D'ORLEANS, LOUIS FRANOIS GABRIELr@)THDISSENTERN(&$EPISCOPACY/&LVAL'{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DISSENTER\par Dissenter\par (Lat. dissentire), a term properly applied to those who, in a country where a certain Church (or certain churches) is established or recognized by the state, disagree with that religion. In England, the term Dissenters appears to have come into use in the 17 th century, as synonymous with Nonconformists; and from England its use was transferred to Scotland in the 18 th century, after the Secession (q.v.) Church had been founded in that country. It is usually applied to those who agree with the established Church in the most essential doctrines, but differ from it on some minor point, or on questions of Church government, relation to the state, rites, etc. as in England to Presbyterians, Independents, and Baptists. The title is accepted by several of the Free churches in England (e.g. Congregationalists, Presbyterians); but the English Wesleyans do not call themselves Dissenters, as they do not share in the views above stated as the grounds of dissent. Yet they are separated, in fact, from the Church of England. See METHODISTS.\par "The term Dissenters is not strictly legal or ecclesiastical, those to whom it applies being usually described in legal language by a periphrasis. It may be said to be a convenient term to designate those Protestant denominations which have dissented from the doctrine and practice of the Church as by law established. Immediately after the Reformation, Dissenters, or Nonconformists, as they were then called, were subjected to 'severe restrictions and penalties. 'During the Rebellion the laws against Protestant sectaries were repealed; but they revived at the Restoration, and the Parliament of Charles II proceeded to enforce systematically, by new 'measures' of vigor, the principle of universal conformity to the established Church (SteLVAL(phen's Com. 3:53). By 1 Will. and Mary, c. 18, the restrictions on Dissenters were first relaxed, and certain denominations were suffered to exercise their own religious observances. From that period various statutes have been passed, each extending in some degree the free exercise of religious opinion. At the present time, Dissenters of all denominations are allowed to practice without restraint their own system of religious worship and discipline. They are entitled to their own places of worship, and to maintain schools for instruction in their own opinions. They are also permitted, in their character as householders, to sit and vote in the parish vestries. A Dissenter, if a patron of a church, may also exercise his own judgment in appointing a clergyman of the Church of England to a vacant living. See on this subject Stephen's Ecclesiastes Law. A similar amount of religious liberty is enjoyed in Scotland, not so much derived from or guarded by special statute; fully recognized, however, by decisions of courts, as belonging to the law of the country. Since the beginning of the 18 th century, the Presbyterian, Independent or Congregationalist, and Baptist denominations in England, have been associated under the name of the Three Denominations. This association was fully organized in 1727, and enjoys \emdash like the established clergy of London and the two great universities \emdash the remarkable privilege of approaching the sovereign on the throne. Notwithstanding much weakness, arising from doctrinal and other differences, this association has contributed much to promote toleration and religious liberty in England" (Chambers, Encyclopaedia, s.v.). See DENOMINATIONS, THE THREE).\par Dissenters object to the Church of England on such grounds as the following:\par 1. That the Church, as by law established, is the mere creature of the state, as much as the army.\par 2. That many of her offices and dignities are utterly at variance with the simplicity of apostolic times.\par 3. That the repetitionLVAL~ns in the Liturgy are numberless and vain.\par 4. That the Apocrypha is read as a part of the public service.\par 5. That her creeds contain unwarrantable metaphysical representations relative to the doctrine of the Trinity.\par 6. That every baptized person is considered as regenerated.\par 7. That the baptismal and confirmation services, etc. have a tendency to deceive and ruin the souls of men.\par 8. That no distinction is made between the holy and profane, the sacraments being administered without discrimination to all who present themselves. Accounts of the origin and history of the different dissenting bodies will be found under the heads See BAPTISTS; See CONGREGATIONALISTS; See INDEPENDENTS; See QUAKERS; See UNITARIANS, etc. See Bogue and Bennett, History of the Dissenters (Lond. 2 volumes, 8 vo); Neal, History of the Puritans; Pierce, Defense of the Dissenters of England (1817, 8 vo).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } ~LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 D'ORLEANS, LOUIS FRAN\'c7OIS GABRIEL\par \par D'Orleans (de la Mothe), Louis Fran\'e7ois Gabriel\par \par a French prelate, was born at Carpentras, January 15, 1683, of an ancient family of Vicenza, called Aureliani. He pursued his studies with the Jesuits, and became successively can of Carpentras, grand vicar of Arles, administrator of the diocese of Senez, and finally bishop of Amiens in 1733, an office which he filled with great ability. He died there, July 10, 1774, leaving Lettres Spirituelles (Paris, 1777). Abbe Dargnies has published his Memoires (Mechlin, 1785). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } NLVAL^{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DA COSTA, ISAAC\par Da Costa, Isaac\par (a descendant of Uriel Acosta, q. v.), was born Jan. 14, 1798, at Amsterdam, where he also pursued his studies until 1817, when he went to Layden to devote his time to the study of law and belles-lettres. In 1822, after the death of his father, he abandoned Judaism and embraced Christianity, and became one of the most active opponents of the new rationalistic opinions. A circle of religiously-inclined persons gathered about him, and to these he expounded the Bible until after the Revolution of 1830, when he visited different cities of Holland and delivered a series of lectures. In 1839 he became a member of the Netherlands Institute, and renewed his efforts as a poet, while he still carried on a controversy with theologians of other schools and against all ecclesiastical innovations. He died April 28, 1860. Besides numerous poems and works in general literature, he wrote, Israel en de Volken (1849); Over de eenheid en overeenstimming de evangelien (1840, 2 vols.); Over de waarheid en wardij van het Oude Testament (1843); Paulus (1846); Beschoulw'ng over het evangelie van Lukas (1856); De apostel Johannes en zijne schriften. \emdash Pierer, Universal-Lexikon, 19:831.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } pLVALP {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABBS, RICHARD\par \par Dabbs, Richard\par \par a Baptist minister, was born in Charlotte County, Virginia. He was pastor first at Ash Camp, afterwards in Petersburg; in 1820, in Lynchburg; subsequently, in Nashville, Tennessee. He died May 21, 1825. See Cathcart, Baptist Encyclop. page 306.\par \par J. C. S. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABAREH\par \par Dab'areh\par \par a less correct mode of Anglicizing (Josh 21:28) the name DABERATH See DABERATH (q.v.).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABAIBA\par \par Dabaiba\par \par an idol of the inhabitants of Panama. This goddess was of mortal extraction, aid, having led a virtuous life on earth, was deified after death, and called by those idolaters the mother of God. They sacrificed slaves to her, and worshipped her by fasting three or four days together, and by acts of devotion, such as sighs, groans, and ecstasies.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL-{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DABBASHETH\par Dab'basheth\par (Heb. Dabbe'sheth, <START HEBREW>tv#B#D^<END HEBREW>\par , a camel's hump, as in Isa 30:6, q. d. Camel-hump Hill; Sept. <START GREEK>\par Dabasqe/<END GREEK>\par , Alex. <START GREEK>\par Dabasqai/<END GREEK>\par , Vat. <START GREEK>\par Baiqa/raba<END GREEK>\par ; Vulg. Debbaseth), a place on the boundary-line of the tribe of Zebulon, between Maralah and Jokneam (Josh 19:11; see Keil, Comment. in loc.); apparently the modern Jebata, which seems likewise to correspond to one of the places named Gabatha (Euseb. <START GREEK>\par Gabaa/<END GREEK>\par and <START GREEK>\par Gabaqa/<END GREEK>\par ), located, by Jerome (Onomast. s. v. Gabathon) near Diocaesarea, in the plain of Legio (Robinson, Researches, 3, 201, whose map places it east of Uknufis, apparently by an error; see Van de Velde, Memoir, p. 1-10). It was again visited by Dr. Robinson (Later Res. p. 113), but is not described by him (comp. Ritter, Erdkunde, 16:748). Knobel suggests (Jos. Erklart, p. 458) that the name in the Onomasticon may have arisen from a Hebrew epithet (<START HEBREW>tu^b=G<END HEBREW>\par , i. e. Gibeath, q. d. the hill of the plain), a view which its isolation from the camel ridge seems to confirm (Ritter, 16:700), although the modern village seems to be upon a very slight, if any eminence.\par \par (Below is a second article on the same topic.)\par \par Dabbasheth\par Tristram (Bible Places, page 252) thinks this is "the modern Duweibeh," "between Joknean (Keimfln) and the sea, along the south boundary of Carmel," thus making the line of Zebulun include the crest of Carmel, and doubtless referring to Khurbet ed-Duweibeh, which the Ordnance Map lays down at one and one half miles north-west from Tell-Keimln, and which the Memoirs (1:311) describe as "heaps of stones, we LVAL ll cut and of good size, apparently Byzantine work;" but Trelawney Saunders (Map of the Old Test.) adopts the suggestion of Jebata, as in volume 2, page 638, described in the Memoirs (1:274) as "a small mud hamlet in the plain, said only to contain eighty souls."\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVAL/{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DABERATH\par Dab'erath\par (Heb. Daberath', <START HEBREW>tr^b=D<END HEBREW>\par [once, Josh 19:12, with the art. had-Daberath', <START HEBREW>tr^b=Dh^<END HEBREW>\par ; once, 1 Chron 6:72, Dobrath', <START HEBREW>tr!b=D*<END HEBREW>\par ], according to Furst a fem. form of <START HEBREW>rb#D)<END HEBREW>\par , pasture; Sept. in Joshua <START GREEK>\par Dabra/q<END GREEK>\par and <START GREEK>\par Dabraqa/<END GREEK>\par v. r. <START GREEK>\par Dabirw/q<END GREEK>\par , in Chron. <START GREEK>\par \~)Amw/$<END GREEK>\par v. r. <START GREEK>\par Dabw/r<END GREEK>\par ; Vulg. Dabereth), a town in the tribe of Issachar (Josh 21:28, where the A.V. has "Dabareh"), near the border of Zebulon (Josh 19:12, where it is named next to Chisloth-tabor), and assigned to the Levites (1 Chron 6:72). It is probably the same with the village Dabira (<START GREEK>\par Dabeira/<END GREEK>\par ), mentioned by Eusebius and Jerome (Onomast. s. v.) as lying near Matthew Tabor, in the region of Diocaesarea (Reland, Paloest. p. 737); and also the Dabaritta, repeatedly mentioned by Josephus (<START GREEK>\par Dabari/ttwn kw/mh<END GREEK>\par , War, 2:21, 3; <START GREEK>\par Dabaritthnoi/<END GREEK>\par , Life, 26; <START GREEK>\par Daba/ritta<END GREEK>\par v. r. <START GREEK>\par Dara/bitta<END GREEK>\par , Life, 62) as lying in the great plain on the confines of Galilee (Reland, Paloest. p. 737, too nicely objects that the border between Issachar and Zebulon would not be assigned to Galilee). In exact agreement with these notices there still exists, on the side of a ledge of rocks just at the base of Matthew Tabor, on the north-west, the village Deburieh, a small, poor, and filthy place, containing the bare walls of an old church, based upon massive foundations of a still older date. The situatlLVAL|ion, however, is beautiful, with the wooded heights of Tabor rising behind, and in front the plain of Esdraelon expanding like a sea of verdure (Robinson, Res. 3, 210; Maundrell, Early Trav. p. 479, Ritter, Erdk. 16:679; De Saulcy, Narrative, 1:75; Schwarz, Palest. p. 166,167). Tradition (Van de Velde, 2:374) incorrectly makes this the scene of the miracle on the lunatic child performed by our Lord after his descent from the Mount of Transfiguration (Matt 17:14).\par \par (Below is a second article on the same topic.)\par \par Daberath\par The Memoirs (1:363) accompanying the Ordnance Map of Western Palestine contain the following additional notice of this place: "Deburieh \emdash a small village built of stone, with inhabited caves; contains about two hundred Moslems, and is surrounded by gardens of figs and olives. It is situated on the slope of the hill. Water is obtained from cisterns in the village." "It has several Protestant families, the fruits of the English Church mission" (Tristram, Bible Places, page 235).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LLVAL ^{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABHEOG\par \par Dabheog\par \par of Lough Derg, an Irish or Welsh saint, commemorated January 1.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABERNA, GIUSEPPE\par \par Daberna (Taberna, or Ferna), Giuseppe\par \par a Sicilian theologian, was born at Camerata in 1599. He was a Capuchin friar, and died in 1677, leaving, Dissertazione della Scienza per Bene Finire (Messina, 1652): \emdash Harmonia della Biblia (ibid. 1656): \emdash Ceremonie per Celebrare la Messa (Palermo, 1669): \emdash Il Vocabulario Toscano: \emdash also some religious works in Italian. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } RLVALx d{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABIS\par \par Dabis\par \par (or Debis), a Japanese deity, of which a large image of brass stood in the road from Osaka to Sorungo, which was consulted every year by a spotless virgin.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABILLON, ANDRE\par \par Dabillon, Andre\par \par a French theologian, and for a time a Jesuit, became grand-vicar of Caumartin, bishop of Amiens, then rector of Magne, Saintonge, and died there about 1664, leaving, La Divinite Defendue: \emdash Le Concile de la Grace, etc. A collection of his works was printed at Paris,:1645. They were attributed to Barcos, nephew of John Duvergier of Hauranne, abbot of St. Cyran, in the Histoire Ecclesiastique of Dupin. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABLON, CLAUDE\par \par Dablon, Claude\par \par a French Jesuit missionary in Canada, New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin, was born in 1618. He began a mission at Onondaga in 1655, and in 1668 established another at Sault Ste. Marie and one among the Foxes. In 1670 he became superior of the Canada missions. He died in Quebec, September 20, 1697. He wrote the Relation de la Nouvelle France, 1671-79 (printed partly at the time and partly later; reprinted, N.Y. 1810).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABIUS\par \par Dabius\par \par (David, otherwise called Dobi, Biteus, or Mobiou), an Irish priest and saint, preached with great success in his own country and in Alba, and was patron saint of Domnach Cluana, now Donachcloney, in the county of Down, and of Kippen, in Scotland, where a famous church was dedicated under his patronage, by the name of Movean. We still have Kippendavie besides Dunblane. To him, probably, more than to St. David or Dewi of Wales, are the Celtic dedications to St. David to be assigned. He is commemorated July 22.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABONNA\par \par Dabonna\par \par is often given in the lists of nephews and nieces of St. Patrick, but much doubt rests on all his kindred. See DURERCA.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABOI\par \par Daboi\par \par is one of the snakes of Africa worshipped by the Widahs; it is attended by maidens as its priestesses, who, with the snake, receive great respect.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABNEY, JOHN B.\par \par Dabney, John B., LL.D.\par \par a Protestant Episcopal clergyman, began his ministry in 1862 by officiating in Campbell County, Virginia, serving in Moore Parish, where subsequently he became rector, and remained in that position until his death, April 23, 1868. See Prot. Episc. Almanac, 1869, page 109.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } rLVAL X{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACE, JOHN\par \par Dace, John\par \par an English Wesleyan missionary, was born at Wednesbury in 1754. He was converted young; in 1806 offered himself as a missionary to the West Indies; and died at St. Bartholomew, September 3, 1821. See Minutes of the British Conference, 1822.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABRIA\par \par Da'bria\par \par one of the five swift scribes who recorded the visions of Esdras (2 Esd 14:24; comp. 37, 42).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DABRECOG\par \par Dabrecog\par \par (or Da-Breccoc), of Tuam-dreman, is an Irish saint, commemorated on May 9; probably the same given by some on this day as Dubricin or Dabricin. \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL.{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACHIAROG\par \par Dachiarog\par \par "the saint of Airigul," is cited as a prophet. He may have been the Ulster saint Ciaroc, Ciarog, or Mochuaroc, who, with n reccan, was one of "the two heroes of purity who love Christ faithfully."\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACH SIMON\par \par Dach Simon\par \par a German Christian poet, born July 29, 1605, at Memel; became in 1633 sub-teacher of the cathedral school of Konigsberg, co-rector in 1636, professor of poetry in the University in 1639, and died April 16, 1659. He stands among the first poets of the so-called Konigsberg school. His productions were partly religious, partly social, and appeared under divers titles; they were collected and published by his widow. Some 150 of his religious pieces were published by H. Alberti, Arien, etc. (Konigsb. 1640-50), and afterwards incorporated in the Konigsberg Hymnbook of 1690. See Gebauer, S. Dach u. seine Freunde als Kirchenliederdichter (Tubing. 1828); Henneberger, Jahrb. f. deutsche LiteraturGesch. (Meiningen, 1854. Pierer, Universal-Lexikon, s. v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } @LVAL: R{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACHSEL, GEORG CHRISTOPH\par \par Dachsel, Georg Christoph\par \par a German Hebraist and theologian, a native of Alt-Leisnig, pursuted his studies at Leipzig, took his degrees, and became minister at Lechnitz in 1712, and at Geringswalde in 1729, where his death occurred in 1742. He wrote, De Uncionae Elisaei (Leipzig, 1708): \emdash Biblia Hebranica Accentuata (ibid. 1729). See Hoefer, Nouvt. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACHONNA\par \par Dachonna\par \par is a very common name in the list of saints, either as Conna and Connan, or with the prefixes of veneration Da or Do and Mo. It was the baptismal name of St. Machar (q.v.).\par \par The most famous saint of this name is commemorated May 15. He was bishop of Connor, and of the race of Eoghan, son of Niall. "St. Dachonna the pious, bishop of Condere," died in 726.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } fLVAL x{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACIUS, ST.\par \par Dacius, Saint\par \par bishop of Milan, was called to that see in 527. He exhorted the inhabitants of that city to defend themselves against the Goths, and on its capture took refuge at Corinth. He afterwards went to Constantinople, where the emperor, Justinian, who had published a constitution prejudicial to the clergy, wished him to sign it, but the prelate stoutly refused. He died February 552. A MS. history, found in the library of Milan, is falsely attributed to Dacius. St. Dacius is commemorated January 14. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACIANUS\par \par Dacianus (1)\par \par a persecuting officer in Spain, in 303 or 304, under Diocletian and Maximian. He was rioted for his severity in carrying out their orders, especially against bishops, presbyters, and all ordained ministers. (2) One of the forty-nine martyrs of Carthage in 304, in the persecution by Diocletian under the proconsul Anulinus. (3) Metropolitan of Byzacene, in Africa, in the 6 th century. A rescript was addressed to him by Justinian I in 541.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } 2LVAL D{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACRIANUS\par \par Dacrianus\par \par is the name of a supposed Benedictine abbot. He is the reputed author of Speculum Monachorum and Spiritualis Vita Documenta, ascribed to the 8 th century. The name was probably feigned by Ludovicus Blosius, an abbot of the 16 th century.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACOBI\par \par Daco'bi\par \par (\par <START GREEK>Dakoubi/\par <END GREEK> v. r. \par <START GREEK>Dakou/b\par <END GREEK>, Vulg. Accuba), one of the heads of the families of "porters" that returned from Babylon (1 Esd 5:28); the same with AKKUB (q.v. No. 2) of the Hebrews text (Ezra 2:42).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } "LVAL4{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACTYLIOMANCY\par \par Dactyliomancy\par \par (Gr. \par <START GREEK>daktu/lio$\par <END GREEK>, a ring, and \par <START GREEK>mantei/a\par <END GREEK>, divination), a species of augury practiced among the ancient Greeks and Romans, performed by suspending a ring from a fine thread over a round table, on the edge of which were marked the letters of the alphabet. When the vibration of the ring had ceased, the letters over which the ring happened to hang, when joined together, gave the answer to the inquirer. See DIVINATION.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACT LI IDAEI\par \par Dact li Idaei\par \par in Greek mythology, were daemons, to whom was accredited, in Asia Minor, especially near the Trojan mountain Ida, the first discovery of metallurgy, and who received divine worship. Their origin and real signification were not known even in the most flourishing period of Grecian and Roman art. It is only surmised that they received their name from their dexterity of finger (\par <START GREEK>da/ktulo$\par <END GREEK>), and from the mountain Ida. Their number is variously reckoned at from ten to one hundred.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADDAEUS\par \par Daddae'us\par \par (\par <START GREEK>Loddai=o$\par <END GREEK> v. r. \par <START GREEK>Loldai=o$\par <END GREEK>, Vulg. Loddoeus), the "captain of the treasury" among the exiles at Babylon (1 Esd 8:46; in the preceding verse Anglicized Saddoeus); evidently a corruption (through the blending with the preceding particle <START HEBREW>lu^\par <END HEBREW>) of the IDDO (q.v.) of the Hebrew text (Ezra 8:17).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADAS\par \par Dadas\par \par with Quintilian, was a disciple of Maximus the. reader, at Dorostolus of Macedonia. They were martyred under Maximian, and are commemorated April 28.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DACUNUS\par \par Dacunus\par \par is the name of a saint who was one of the anchorites said to have come with St. Petrock to Bodmin, one of the most sacred sites in Cornwall, in the 6 th century..\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } 4LVALt H{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADES\par \par Dades\par \par in one of the Gnostic systems, is the archon of the fourth heaven.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADDI, COSIMO\par \par Daddi, Cosimo\par \par an Italian painter, was born at Florence, where he flourished from about 1600 to 1630. He has several pictures in the monastery of San Lino, in that city, representing scenes from the Lif of the Virgin. In the church of San Michaele there is still an altar-piece representing the patron saint of that church defeating the apostate angels. Daddi died in 1630.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADDI, BERNARDO\par \par Daddi, Bernardo\par \par an Italian painter, was born at Arezzo, and flourished in the middle of the 14 th century. He studied under Spinello Aretino, and was elected a member of the company of painters at Florence in 1355. He was celebrated in his day, and some of his works are still preserved in the churches of that city. He died there in 1381.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } `LVAL r{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADGAH\par \par Dadgah\par \par in Persian mythology, is the place of justice, a small temple of fire of the Guebres.. There is no fire-chapel in it, with a separate altar, but the fire burns on the ground, in distinction from the larger temple Derimber, which can only he built on selected sites, and must have a fire-chapel with an altar.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADFUCHI\par \par Dadfuchi\par \par the torch-bearers in the Eleusinian Mnysteries, whose duty was to offer prayers and sing hymns to Ceres and Proserpine. They passed the lighted torch from hand to hand, in commemoration of Ceres searching for her daughter Proserpine by the light of a torch which she had kindled at the fires of SEtna.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADSWELL, JAMES\par \par Dadswell, James\par \par an English Congregational minister, was born at Woolwich, September 5, 1823. He embraced religion in his eighteenth year, and in 1856 was ordained at Caversham Hill, near Reading, where he labored until his death, July 19, 1865. See (Lond.) Cong. Year-book, 1866, page 244.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADO\par \par Dado\par \par (1) Bishop of Amiens, is placed after Deodatus, about the end of the 7 th century.\par \par (2) First abbot of Rodez. He lived in the ,8 th century, and built with his own hands a cell at a place called Conchae. His first disciple was Medraldtns, who succeeded him as abbot and obtained the "privilegium" from Louis the Pious. Dado then retired to a more remote place called Grandevabrum. See AUDOENUS.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DADU PANTHIS\par \par Dadu Panthis\par \par one of the Vaishnava (q.v.) sects in Hindostan. They originated with Dadu, a cotton cleaner by profession, who is supposed to have flourished about A.D. 1600. Having been admonished by a voice from heaven to devote himself to a religious life, he retired to Baherana mountain for that purpose, and after some time disappeared, leaving no traces of his whereabouts. His followers believed him to have been absorbed into the deity. The members of this sect are divided into three classes:\par \par 1. The Vivaktas, religious characters who go bareheaded, and have but one garment and one water-pot.\par \par 2. The Nagas, who carry arms, and are ready to use them for hire.\par \par 3. The Bister Dhavis, who follow the ordinary occupations of life. The sect is said to be very numerous in Marwar and Ajmere. Their chief place of worship is at Naraiva. See Gardner, Faiths of the World, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } ^LVALn{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAEDAE TAENGRI\par \par Daedae Taengri\par \par in Thibetan mythology, was. a famous race of spirits, existing previous to the visible world, but who became limited through the creation of the world, without their being subject to the laws of death. As there were many who had reached this limit but still did not die dissatisfied with their doubtful destiny, they left their thrones and flitted about in the heavens until they came to the kingdom of Assurian spirits. The latter were continually in disunity, and the arrival of the Daedae Taengri strengthened one party to such an extent that a war resulted which lasted many millions of years. Daeghelm is believed to have been abbot of Bardney. He signed the act of the Council of Clovesho, October 12, 803.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } tLVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAES, JAMES\par \par Daes, James\par \par a Scotch clergyman, who "came out from Linlithcowe," officiated in Anstruther in January 1585; in June confessed he had not entered the Reformed Kirk in proper order; in August accepted a call to commence a new kirk in Ersilton in March 1586; officiated at Anstruther in 1588; was a member of the assemblies of 1595 and 1602; presented to the living by the king in 1611; called before the Court of High Commission in 1620; resigned before January 4, 1633, and died before June 20, 1643. See Fasti Eccles. Scoticanae, 1:124, 523.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAELMAN, KAREL GHISLAIN\par \par Daelman, Karel Ghislain\par \par a Belgian theologian, was born at Mons in 1670. He became successively doctor, doctor-regent, and professor of theology at Louvain, rector of the university, president of the college of Adrian, and canon of St. Peter, in the same city; then canon of St. Gertrude, at Nivelles. He died at Louvain, December 21, 1731, leaving, Theses sur le Systeme de la Grace (Louvain, 1706): \emdash De Actibus Humanis: \emdash Theologie Scolastico-Morale (1738; republished several times); also some Oraisons Latines. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } `LVALb t{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGAMUS\par \par Dagamus\par \par was an Irish bishop and confessor, who flourished at the close of the 6 th and the beginning of the 7 th century. He was a strict maintainer of traditional rites, giving way with great difficulty to the reasoning of Augustine, and refused to eat even in the same house with the Roman bishops. His commemoration is variously given as March 22 and May 29.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGAMUNDUS\par \par Dagamundus\par \par (or Dagamodus) was ninth abbot of the monastery of St. Claudius, on Mount Jura. His rule began in the last of the 6 th, and covered the first quarter of the 7 th century.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAFROSA\par \par Dafrosa\par \par was martyred with her husband, Fabian, under Julian, at Rome. She is commemorated January 4.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL"{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGAN, BISHOP\par \par Dagan\par \par bishop of Inbher Daoile, now Ennereilly, in the barony of Arklow, County Wicklow, was the son of Colman, of the race of Labhraidh Lorc. His three brothers were saints, and he was progenitor of the men of Leinster. He was educated at Liathmore, under St. Mochoemoc or Pulcherius, and after visiting Rome became abbot of Inbher Daoile. He was a leader in the Paschal controversy, and although mentioned as intractable, is said to have been of a peculiarly mild disposition. He is perhaps the same as Dagamus (q.v.). He was born between 565 and 570, and died September 13, 641. Both March 12 and September 13 are given as his festival.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGGER\par \par Dagger\par \par (<START HEBREW>br#j#\par <END HEBREW>, che'reb, usually "sword"), any sharp instrument, especially a military weapon (Judg 3:16,21,22). See SWORD.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGG, JOHN L.\par \par Dagg, John L., D.D.\par \par a Baptist minister, was born at Middleburg, London County, Virginia, February 13, 1794. He was converted in 1809, baptized in 1816, ordained in 1817; for several years preached to churches in his native state, and in 1825 became pastor of the Fifth Baptist Church in Philadelphia. He removed to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, in 1836, and for eight years was principal of the Alabama Female Atheiaeum. In 1844 he was elected president of Mercer University, Georgia, where he also gave instruction in theology. He resigned his office in 1856. and died June 11, 1884, at Haynesville, Alabama. He published, Manual of Theology (1857): \emdash Treatise on Church Order (1858): \emdash Elements of Moral Science (1859): \emdash Evidences of Christianity (1868), and several minor works, some of them of a controversial character. See Cathcart, Baptist Encyclop. page 306.\par \par J. C. S. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGGETT, LEVI, JR\par \par Daggett, Levi, Jr.\par \par a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born at Troy, N.H., in 1820. He was converted in 1841, and after a few months' preaching united with the Providence Conference. He died April 18, 1857. See Minutes of Annual Conference, 1858, page 39.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGGETT, HERMAN\par \par Daggett, Herman,\par \par a Congregational minister, was born at Walpole, Mass., Sept. 11, 1766, and graduated at Brown University, 1788. He entered the ministry Oct. 1789, and after preaching a year in Southhold, L. I., was ordained pastor in Southampton, April 12.1792. In 1796 he removed to West Hampton. In 1801 he was ordained pastor over the churches of Fire Place and Middle Island, which he resigned in 1807. In 1818 he became principal of the For. Miss. School at Cornwall. This position he resigned in 1824, and died May 19,1832. \emdash Sprague, Annals, 2:291.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } 8LVALH{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGGETT, NAPHTALI\par \par Daggett, Naphtali, D.D.,\par \par a Congregational minister, was born at Attleborough, Mass., Sept. 8, 1727; graduated at Yale 1748, and was ordained pastor in Smithtown, L. I., 1751. He was elected Prof. of Divinity in Yale College, 1756, and remained there until his death, Nov. 25, 1780. He occupied the presidential chair of the college pro tempore from 1766 until 1777. When the British landed at West Haven, 1779, his patriotic ardor led him to take up arms, and he was very rudely treated by the enemy. His death was hastened by his sufferings. He published a few sermons. \emdash Sprague, Annals, 1:479.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGILA\par \par Dagila\par \par was wife of a steward of Huneric, king of the Vandals. Under the persecution of Genseric, she several times, confessed her faith. In A.D. 483, under Huneric, she was flogged with whips and staves till she was exhausted, and then exiled to a barren desert, whither she went with cheerfulness. They afterwards offered to send her to a less frightful place, but she preferred to remain where she was.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGGETT, OLIVER ELLSWORTH\par \par Daggett, Oliver Ellsworth, D.D.\par \par a Congregational minister, was born at New Haven, Connecticut, January 14, 1810. He graduated from Yale College in 1828; and subsequently studied in the Law School and the Divinity School. He was pastor of the South Church in Hartford, from April 12, 1837, to June 23, 1843; in Canandaigua, N.Y., from January, 1845, to October 1867; for three years of Yale College Church and Livingston professor of divinity in the college; and from February 1871, to September 1877, pastor of the Second Church in New London, Connecticut; and subsequently resided in Hartford without charge. He died September 1, 1880. See Cong. Year-book, 1881, page 21.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGO\par \par Dago\par \par eleventh bishop of Orleans and successor of St. Flosculus, lived about the end of the 5 th or beginning of the 6 th century.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGIN, FRANCESCO\par \par Dagin, Francesco\par \par (called il Capella), an Italian\'b7painter, was born at Venice in 1714, and studied under Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. He was elected a member of the Academy at Venice. One of his best works is St. George and the Dragon, in the parochial church of San Bonate, in Bergamo. He died in 1784.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALV{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGOBERTUS\par \par Dagobertus\par \par (or Radabertus) was the twentieth archbishop of Tarentaise, and lived about the end of the 8 th century.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGOBA\par \par Dagoba\par \par (Sanscrit, da, datu, or dhatu, an osseous relic, and geba, or garbha, the womb) is a conical structure surmounting relics among the Buddhists. These buildings are sometimes of immense height, of circular form, and composed of stone or brick, faced with stone or stucco. They are built upon a platform, which again rests upon a natural or artificial elevation, and is usually reached by a flight of steps. Of the relics preserved in them, the most conspicuous objects are generally vessels of stone or metal. They commonly contain a silver box or casket, and within that, or sometimes by itself, a casket of gold. Within these vessels, or sometimes in the cell in which they are placed, are found small pearls, gold buttons, gold ornaments and rings, beads, pieces of white and colored glass and crystal, pieces of clay or stone with impressions of figures, bits of bone and teeth of animals, pieces of cloth, and bits of bark. The dagobas are held in the utmost respect by the Buddhists, on account of the relics in them. See Gardner, Faiths of the World, s.v.; Wilson, Ariana Antiqua; Hardy, Eastern Monachism, page 217 sq.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALJ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAGON\par Da'gon\par \par (Heb. Dagon', <START HEBREW>/ogD*<END HEBREW>\par Sept. and Josephus, <START GREEK>\par Dagw/n<END GREEK>\par ), the national god of the Philistines. Some have derived the name from <START HEBREW>/g*D*<END HEBREW>\par , grain (Sanchoniathon, Fragm. ed. orelli, p. 26, 32; Bochart, Hieroz. 1:381; Beyer, ad Seld. p. 285); but the derivation from <START HEBREW>gD*<END HEBREW>\par , a fish, with the diminutive (i. e. endearing) termination on (Gesenius, Thes. p. 320), is not only more in accordance with the principles of Hebrew derivation (Ewald, Heb. Gram. \'a7 312, 341), but is most decisively established by the terms employed in 1 Sam 5:4. It is there said that Dagon fell to the earth before the ark, that his head and the palms of his hands were broken off, and that "only Dagon was left of him." If Dagon is derived from <START HEBREW>gD*<END HEBREW>\par , fish, and if the idol, as there is every reason to believe, had the body of a fish with the head and hands of a man, it is easy to understand why a part of the statue is there called Dagon in contradistinction to the head and hands, but not otherwise. That such was the figure of the idol is asserted by Kimchi, and is admitted by most modern scholars. It is also supported by the analogies of other fish deities among the Syro-Arabians (see Herod. 2:72; \'c6lian, Anim. 10:46; 12:2; Xenoph. Anab. 1:4, 9; Strabo, 17:812; Diod. Sic. 2:4; Cicero, Nat. Deor. 3, 15; comp. Miunter, Rel. d. Karth. p. 102; Movers, Phoniz. p. 491 sq.; Creuzer, Symbol. 2:78 sq.). Besides the ATARGATIS (q.v.) of the Syrians (which was the female counterpart of Dagon), the Babylonians had a tradition, according to Berosus (Berosi Quae supersunt, ed. Richter, p. 48, 54), that at the very beginning of their history an extraordinary being, called OannesLVALK, having the entire body of a fish, but the head, hands, feet, and voice of a man, emerged from the Erythraean Sea, appeared in Babylonia, and taught the rude inhabitants the use of letters, arts, religion, law, and agriculture; that, after long intervals between, other similar beings appeared and communicated the same precious lore in detail, and that the last of these was called Odakon (<START GREEK>\par \~)Wda/kwn<END GREEK>\par ). Selden is persuaded that this Odakon is the Philistine god Dagon (De Diis Syris, p. 265), a conclusion in which Niebuhr coincides (Gesch. Assurs, p. 477), but from which Rawlinson dissents (Herod. 1:482). The resemblance between Dagon and Atergatis (q. d. <START HEBREW>ryD!a^<END HEBREW>\par and <START HEBREW>gD*<END HEBREW>\par , great fish) or Derketo (which is but an abbreviation of the last name) is so great in other respects that Selden accounts for the only important difference between them \emdash that of sex \emdash by referring to the androgynous nature of many heathen gods. It is certain, however, that the Hebrew text, the Sept., and Philo Byblius (in Euseb. Praep. Ev. 1:10) make Dagon masculine <START GREEK>\par \~(o( Dagw/n<END GREEK>\par ). The fish-like form was a natural emblem of fruitfulness, and as such was likely to be adopted by seafaring tribes in the representation of their gods. (See Gotze, Dissert. de <START GREEK>\par i)xquolatrei/a|<END GREEK>\par , Lips. 1723.)\par \par The most famous temples of Dagon were at Gaza (Judg 16:21-30) and Ashdod (1 Sam 5:5,6; 1 Chron 10:10). The former was employed as a theater (see Faber, Archdol. 1:444, 436), and was once overthrown by Samson (Judg 16). The latter temple was destroyed by Jonathan in the Maccabaean wars (1 Macc 10:84; 11:4; Josephus, Ant. 13:4, 5). There would also seem to have been a third in the vicinity of Jericho, which was demolished by Ptolemy (Joseph. War, 1:2, 3); and the site of which Schwarz claims (Palest. p. 163) to have discovered in a stream still bearing the name of DugLVALa, or fish-river: it is but a relic of the ancient Doch, or DOCUS See DOCUS (q.v.). Traces of the worship of Dagon likewise appear in the names Caphar-Dagon (near Jamnia), and Beth-Dagon in Judah (Josh 15:41), and Asher (Josh 19:27). See BETH-DAGON.\par \par Besides the female figure of Atergates, there have lately been discovered among the Assyrian ruins (Botta, pl. 32-35) figures of a male fish-god, not only of the forms given above (Layard, Nineveh. 2:353), but occasionally with a human form and feet, the fish only covering the back like a cloak (Layard, Babylon, p. 301). Colonel Rawlinson has also deciphered the name dagon on the cuneiform inscriptions (q.v.). See Roser, De Dagone, in Ugolini, Thesaur. 23, Sharpe in Bonomi's Nineveh. 3 d ed. p.169.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVALM{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAGON'S HOUSE\par Dagon's House\par (1 Sam 5:5), or the HOUSE (1 Sam 5:2) or TEMPLE OF DAGON (1 Chron 10:10), <START HEBREW>/ogD*\'c1tyB@<END HEBREW>\par , i. e. Beth-Dagon, as it is elsewhere rendered (Josh 15:41; 19:27; so <START GREEK>\par Bhqdagw/n<END GREEK>\par , Maccabees 10:83), or the sanctuary of Dagon, the god of the Philistines, mentioned in Judg 16:23, and other places. See this etymology defended against the older one (which Furst retains, Heb. Lex. p. 286) in Gesenius, Monument. Phan. p. 387, and Thesaur. p. 204. In the first two (and possibly also the third) of the above passages, the temple of Dagon, situated in or near Ashdod (as stated under the foregoing article DAGON), is evidently intended; the other collocations of these words, See BETH- require a fuller elucidation than could well be given in the article BETH-DAGON (q.v.).\par 1. BETH-DAGON, in Josh 15:41, was one of the second group of "sixteen cities with their villages," which the sacred writer places in the lowlands (<START HEBREW>hl*p@v=<END HEBREW>\par ) of the tribe of Judah, apparently on the actual plain which stretches westward towards the Philistine coast from "the hill country" so often mentioned. This does not (as in Reland, Paloestina, p. 636) designate a Gederoth-bethdagon, as the name Gederoth occurs alone in 2 Chron 28:18, with the same description as it has in this place, as one of the cities of the lowlands of Judah. Gesenius and F\'fcrst identify this Bethdagon with the Caphar-dagon, which in the time of Eusebius was a very large village (<START GREEK>\par kw/mh megi/sth<END GREEK>\par , inter Jamniam et Diospolin) in the neighborhood of Joppa; but modern research has shown that this latter place, of which still remain some traces in Beit-Dejan, a village between Yafa and Ludd, is considerably above LVALNthe northern boundary of Judah, Our Bethdagon, indeed, no longer exists by the same name (Van de Velde's Map of Palestine and Memoir; p. 294). The same must be said of\par 2. BETH-DAGON, mentioned in Josh 19:27, as one of the border cities of the tribe of Asher. Though, however, no modern landmark points out the site of this north Beth-dagon, it is not difficult to discover, from the precise topographical statement of the sacred writer, that this city was situated at the point where the boundary-line of the tribe, after crossing the ridge south of the promontory of Carmel towards the east, intersects the stream of the Kishon, on the confines of Zebulon. It is remarkable that, as there is a modern Beit-Dejan in the south which yet cannot be identified with, but is far to the north-west of, the southern Beth-dagon, so there is still, in the central district of the Holy Land, a second Beit-Dejan, which is equally far distant from our northern Beth-dagon, only in the opposite direction of southeast. In the fertile and beautiful plain of Salim, a little to the east of Nabulus (Shechem), Dr. Robinson descried at the east end of it, on some low hills, a village-called Beit-Deja (Bibl. Researches, 3, 102; Later Researches, p. 298). This Beit-Dejan, Robinson thinks, has no counterpart in the Beth-dagons of the Bible. The French traveler, De Saulcy, is not of this opinion, but identifies the village near Nabulus with the Beth-dagon of 1 Chron 10:10; because "this village is only one day's march from Jilboun, the locality in the mountain to the north-east of Jenin, which was unquestionably the scene of Saul's disaster" (Dead Sea, 1:101). If his conjecture be right, we must indicate this as the\par 3. BETH-DAGON of 1 Chron 10:10 (Sept. <START GREEK>\par oi@ko$ Dagw/n<END GREEK>\par ), in the western half-tribe of Manasseh (some distance from Mount Gilboa), where the Philistines after their victory, placed Saul's head in the temple of their god-his body and those of his sons having been carried (the same distaLVALnce north-east) to Bethshan, whence the Jabesh-Gileadites afterwards rescued them. It no doubt aids this view that we are not otherwise informed where the temple was in which they deposited their ghastly trophy; moreover, the phrase (in ver. 9) <START HEBREW>byb!s* p\'c1Jr#a#B*<END HEBREW>\par , denoting a circuit of the adjacent country, which had been evacuated by Israel, and was then occupied by the enemy (ver. 7), very well suits the relative positions of this Beit-Dejan and Bethshan, equally distant from the fatal field, and in different directions.\par 4. With regard to the Beth-dagon of 1 Macc 10:83, Gesenius (Thes. p. 194) expresses a doubt whether this passage means only Dagon's temple at Azotus, or a Beth-dagon, a town so called in the neighborhood. In that case we might regard this as a city in the vicinity of Azotus (or Ashdod), answering probably to Dr. Robinson's western Beit-Dejan, and Eusebius's Caphardagon, already mentioned. It will be observed that in the 84 th verse Beth-dagon occurs as a proper name, as it also does in the original, <START GREEK>\par Bhqdagw/n<END GREEK>\par , whereas, in the next verse, the temple of the Philistine god is described by the appellative <START GREEK>\par to\\ i(ero\\n Dagw/n<END GREEK>\par . On the whole, however, there does not appear to be sufficient reason for the distinction.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVALb{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGUERRE, JEAN\par \par Daguerre, Jean\par \par a French theologian, was born at La Ressorce, at the foot of the Pyrenees, in 1703. He established and directed, for fifty-two years, a seminary there, founded a convent of nuns at Hasparren, and died in 1788, leaving Abreg des Principes de Morale (Paris, 1773, 1819, 1823). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGONEL, PIERRE\par \par Dagonel, Pierre\par \par a French theologian, was born on the island of Lifu, in the Pacific Ocean, in 1585. He entered the Jesuit order August 2, 1605, taught philosophy for four years, and became prefect of the College of Dijon. He died at Pont-a-Mousson, December 7, 1650, leaving Traite des Indulgences (Nancy, 1626): \emdash Le Chemin du Ciel (ibid. 1627): \emdash Les Devotes Pensees (Paris, 1631): \emdash Dosithee (ibid. eod.): \emdash L'Fchelle des Saints (ibid. 1638): Le Miroir des Riches (ibid. 1641): \emdash Les Devoirs du Chretien (Lyons, 1643 and 1647). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGUM\par \par Dagum\par \par in Lamian religion, is the official dress of the priests among the Mongolians. It is a large cloak or mantle, made of yellow silk, striped with red, and with a collar, also of red.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGUET, PIERRE ANTOINE ALEXANDRE\par \par Daguet, Pierre Antoine Alexandre\par \par a French theologian, was born at Baumes-les-Dames (Franche Comtd), December 1, 1707. He belonged to the Jesuit order, and when it was dissolved, withdrew to Besancon, where he died in 1775, leaving Exercices Chretiens des Gens de Guerre, etc. (Lyons, 1749): \emdash Considerations Chretiennes pour Chaque Jour du Mois (ibid. 1758): \emdash Exercices du Chretien (ibid. 1759): \emdash La Consolation du Chretien (ibid.). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAGUR\par \par Dagur\par \par (or Dag, i.e., day), according to the Norse mythology, is the son of Dellingur (twilight), the third husband of Not (night), the daughter of Nurf (darkness), a giant who had his habitation in Jotunheim. Dagur and Not were adopted by Alfadur, who gave them each two stallions and two wagons, with which to journey around the earth once a day. Not rides with her steed Rhimfaxi'(dark mane) in advance. The earth is wet every morning from the foam (dew) running from the steed. Dagur's steed is called Skinfaxi (bright mane); from his shining mane everything becomes light.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL"{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAHL, JOHANN CHRISTIAN WILHELM\par \par Dahl, Johann Christian Wilhelm\par \par a Lutheran theologian of Germany, was born September 1, 1771, at Rostock. In 1778 he began his studies at his native place, and after having completed them at Jena and G\'f6ttingen, returned as lecturer to Rostock in 1797. In 1802 he was made professor of Greek literature, and in 1804 professor of theology; in 1807 he took his degree as doctor of theology, presenting for his thesis, De \par <START GREEK>au)qenti/a|\par <END GREEK> Epistolarum Petrinea Posterioris atque Judce. He died April 15, 1810. He published, Amos, neu ubersetzt und erlautert (G\'f6ttingen, 1795): \emdash Observationes Philologicae atque Criticae ad quaedam Prophetarum inorum Loca (Neu-Strelitz, 1798): \emdash Chrestomathia Philoniana (Hamburg, 1800-1802, 2 volumes): \emdash Lehrbuch der Homiletik (Leipzig, 1811). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 1:91, 223, 226, 798; 2:60, 97; Doring, Die Gelehrten Theologen. Deutschlands, 1:304 sq.; Furst, Bibl. Jud. 1:194.\par \par B. P. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } nLVAL~{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAHLER, JEAN GEORGE\par \par Dahler, Jean George\par \par a Franco-German Protestant theologian, was born at Strasburg, December 7, 1760, and died while professor of theology and Old Testament exegesis there, June 29, 1832. He wrote, Animadversiones in Versionem Graecam Proverbior. Salom. ex Veneta S. Marci Bibliotheca Nuper Editam (Strasburg, 1786): \emdash De Libroarum Paraliponenum Auctoritate atque Fide (ibid; 1819): \emdash Die Denk- und Sittenspruche Salomos (ibid. 1810): \emdash Jeremiie Traduit sur le Texte Original, Accompagne de Notes (ibid. 1825-1830, 2 volumes). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 1:52, 79, 212, 219, 859; Furst, Bibl. Jud. 1:194; Lichtenberger, Encyclopedie des Sciences Religienses, s.v.\par \par B. P. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } ,LVAL<{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAHLMAN, JOHN JACOB WILLIAM\par \par Dahlman, John Jacob William\par \par a German Reformed minister, was born at Elberfeld, Rhenish Prussia, June 29, 1801. He became a member of the German Reformed Church in Elberfeld in 1845; came to New York in 1848, and in 1851 was licensed to preach. He was pastor at Lancaster, Erie County, N.Y., in 1852, and in 1853 at Arnheim, Brown County, Ohio. In 1858 he removed East, and was for a time pastor of a German Presbyterian congregation at Jamaica, L.I. He served the Reformed Church at Melrose, N.Y., from 1861 to 1863, when he took charge of the congregation in Glassborough, N.J., for six years, and then removed to Bridesburg, Pennsylvania, where he labored several years. His health failing, he divided his remaining days between Collegeville, Montgomery County, and Philadelphia, where he died, August 1, 1874. See Harbaugh, Fathers of the Germ. Ref. Church, 5:112.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALb .{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAHME, GEORG CHRISTIAN\par \par Dahme, Georg Christian\par \par a Lutheran theologian of Germany, was born October 8, 1739, at Jeinsen, a village in the province of Hanover. After being for some time court chaplain at the city of Hanover, he was appointed in 1792 general superintendent at Celle, and died while member of consistory and dean of Bardowieck, June 20, 1803. He published, Predigten (Brunswick, 1775): \emdash Sieben kleine exegetische Aufsatze (G\'f6ttingen, 1791). See Doring, Die deutschen Kanzelredner des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, page 24 sq.\par \par B. P. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAHMAN\par \par Dahman\par \par in Persian mythology, is a pure and holy genius, whose favor cannot be secured by sacrifices, but only by prayers and good deeds. The Persians made thirty prayers to this spirit for their relations, and, in consequence, sixty sins unto death were forgiven the dead. Dahman is the most noble benefactor of the inhabitants of heaven, as also of the human souls going there. His first work is to take the soul and bring it into the presence of God, after which it is entirely safe.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAHNE, AUGUST FERDINAND\par \par Dahne, August Ferdinand\par \par a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born at Leipzig, October 26, 1807. He commenced his academical lectures at Halle in 1831, was in 1835 professor extraordinarius there, and died November 30, 1878, leaving, De Praescientiae Divinae cum Libertate Humana Concordia (Leipzig, 1830): \emdash De \par <START GREEK>Gnw/sei\par <END GREEK> Clementis Alexandrini (ibid. 1831): \emdash Geschichtliche Darstellung der judisch-alexandrinischen Religions-Philosophie (Halle, 1834, 2 volumes): \emdash Entwickelung des Paulinischen Lehrbegsrifs (ibid. 1835): \emdash Die Christuspartei in der apostolischen Kirche zu Corinth (ibid. 1841). See Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:257; Furst, Bibl. Jud. 1:194; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 1:295, 418, 522, 888.\par \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } ^LVALn{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAHOMEY, RELIGION OF\par Dahomey, Religion Of\par Dahomey forms a kingdom of considerable extent in the interior of Western Africa, behind the Slave Coast. The centre of its religious and political system is a superstitious veneration for the person of their monarch, whom the natives regard as almost a divinity. It is even accounted criminal to believe that the king eats, drinks, and sleeps like ordinary mortals. It is needless to say that his orders are implicitly obeyed, however unreasonable or tyrannical they may be.\par Fetish (q.v.) worship prevails here, as in all other parts of Western Africa, the leopard being their sacred animal. The public sacrifice to this animal consists of a bullock; but private sacrifices of fowls, and even goats, are common, and are offered with great ceremony. When a man dies his principal wives and some of his favorites are offered in sacrifice on his tomb. The priesthood is taken from the higher classes, even some of the royal wives and children being found in the sacred order. To reveal the sacred mysteries and incantations, the knowledge of which is limited to the priestly office, is visited with certain death. See Forbes, Dahomey and the Dahomans; Wilson, Western Africa. \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVALt {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIBOTH\par \par Daiboth\par \par a Japanese idol of great popularity, is of monstrous height, sits in the middle of his pagoda on a table altar raised but a little from the ground, and with his hand, which is as long as the body of an ordinary man, touches the roof. He has the breasts and face of a woman, and black, woolly, crispy locks; and is encircled on all sides with gilded rays, on which are placed a great number of images representing the inferior idols of the Japanese.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAI-NITZ NO-RAI\par \par Dai-Nitz No-Rai\par \par in Japanese mythology, is the great form of the sun, a god of the air and light, he from whom all light, even that of the sun and stars, comes. He is represented seated on a cow. See AMANO WATTA.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALt {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIGH\par \par Daigh\par \par (or Dega; Lat. Dageus), an Irish bishop of the 6 th century, was son of Cairell, of the race of Eoghan. He was a pupil of St. Finnian of Clonard and, after he became a priest, gave the viaticum to St. Mochta of Louth. He was a skilfill artificer, and was said to pass his days in reading, and carving iron and copper, and his nights in transcribing manuscripts. The construction of three hundred bells and three hundred crosiers of bishops and abbots, with the transcription of three hundred copies of the gospels, is attributed to him. He died A.D. 587. His chief festival was August 18, although February 19 is given as a minor festival.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAICHING\par \par Daiching\par \par in Lamian mythology, is the god of war among the Mongolians, Thibetians, and Mantchoorians. He is represented in full uniform, surrounded by trophies, and his figure is used to decorate the armybanners, also carried as a badge. All success in war is ascribed to him, and it is believed that his presence is a preventive against all harm.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par }  J}HP r G  | Y 2 p ;  u H  E  q:Nf/c"o4PnE}DDALLAS, ALEXANDER R.C @<0DALLAS, ALEXANDER`@4(DALLAN FORGAILLR0$DALL, WILLIAM@, DALL, ROBERT`@*DALL, JOHN@&DALL, HENRYx@(DALKIEL@ DALING, WILLIAM@0$DALING, ALEXANDER@4(DALIELL, MUNGO@."DALIELL, JOHN*@, DALHAM, FLORENTIUS@6*DALGLEISH$$DALGARNO, WILLIAM@4(DALGARNO, GEORGE@2&DALGARNO, ANDREW@2&DALGARDNO, WILLIAM@6*DALGAIRNS, JOHN BERNARD*@@4DALFINUS@"DALEN, CORNELIS VAN@8,DALEITES*@"DALE, THOMAS"@~*DALE, THE KING'S@~2&DALE, SAMUEL@}*~DALE, JONATHAN@}."}DALE, JEREMIAH@z."|DALE, JAMES WILKINSON{<0{DALE, I.Ar@z$zDALE, HERVEY SMITHf@w6*yDALE, ANTONIUS VANx6*xDALE, ABNERR@w(wDALCHO, FREDERICK @v4(vDALBY, WILLIAM LEEp@u6*uDALBY, WILLIAM@t."tDALBIN, JEAN6@t*sDALBHACH@s"rDALBEY, JOEL@s*qDALBERG, WOLFGANG DE6@p:.pDALBERG, KARL THEODOR*q<0oDALBERG, ADOLPHUS@p4(nDALAIAH@p mDALAI-LAMA@o&lDALADAI| @o kDAKSHINAS@n$jDAKSHA@miDAKPA-ZAMO@l&hDAKOTA VERSION^@k."gDAKINS, WILLIAML @k0$fDAKIN, JOSEPHh@j, eDAKIN, ANN@j&dDAKHANI VERSIONn@j0$cDAJAL@ibDAJAK VERSION@i, aDAISAN@h`DAIS@h_DAIRI. @g^DAIRE&@g]DAIRCHELL@f$\DAIRAt@f[DAINS-LEIF@f&ZDAIMBERT @e"YDAILY, WILLIAM M. @d4(XDAILY SERVICE|c, WDAILY PREFACE @b, VDAILY OFFERING`."UDAILY CELEBRATION OF THE HOLY COMMUNION@_`TTDAILY@_SDAILL, JEAN]*RDAILLE, PIERRE @\."QDAILL, THOMAS@\, PDAILEY, DAVIDB@[, ODAIKOKU@[ NDAIGH@YLVAL@ {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAILEY, DAVID\par \par Dailey, David,\par \par a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born in Gloucester County, N. J., March 1, 1792, was converted in 1805, entered the itinerancy in 1812, became superannuated in 1855, and died May 4, 1856. For more than, forty years he was a useful minister and presiding elder, and was especially" proficient in the theology of the plan of salvation." He filled many important stations with uniform and excellent success. He was one of the editors of the revised hymn-book of the Methodist Episcopal Church now in use. \emdash Minutes of Conferences, 6:219.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIKOKU\par \par Daikoku\par \par in Japanese mythology, is one of the four deities of wealth. He is the giver of happiness and prosperity, for with the hammer which he holds he can change everything he touches, and get anything he desires. He sits on a keg of rice, and beside him is a bag in which he preserves his treasures, and out of which he dispenses to his worshippers whatever they need, . \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALz {\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAILLE, PIERRE\par \par Daille, Pierre\par \par a clergyman of the French Reformed Church, was born in 1649, and removed to America in the latter part of the 17 th century. He had ministered in the early Huguenot settlements in Massachusetts for some time, when the Reformed Dutch Church in New York engaged him, in 1683, to preach to the French Reformed Church in that city, as colleague of Henricus Selyns. After 1792, he devoted himself to itinerant missionary work among the Huguenots, preaching occasionally at New Paltz, in Ulster County, N.Y., for several years; also at New Rochelle, Westchester County, and on Staten Island. In 1696 he became the minister of the French Reformed Church in Boston, where he died, May 20, 1715. See Col. Hist. of N.Y. 3:651, and Mass. 2:52; DeWitt, Hist. Discourse, page 36; Corwin, Manual of the Ref. Church in America, page 228. (W.J.R.T.).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAILL, THOMAS\par \par Daill, Thomas\par \par a Scotch clergyman, entered as exhorter in 1568; signed the articles drawn up by the synod in 1572; was reader from 1574 to 1576, and died February 19, 1586. See Fasti Eccles. Scoticanae, 1:382 . \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL^{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAILL\'c9, JEAN\par Daill\'e9, Jean,\par minister of the French Reformed Church, and one of the most learned theologians of his age. He was born at Chatellerault Jan. 6, 1594; became tutor in the family of Duplessis-Mornay (q.v.) in 1612, and was ordained in 1623. Most of the remainder of his life was spent as minister of Charenton. He died April 15, 1670. In theology Daille belonged to the moderate school of Saumur (q.v.). "His discourses are characterized by a heart-stirring eloquence, and it has been remarked of him that he had all the eloquence of Saurin without any approach to his turgid and bombastic style. The work by which Daille is best known is his treatise De usu Patrum, a work designed to check or moderate the excessive reverence which is felt in many quarters for the writers of ecclesiastical antiquity. It rendered an important service to the Protestant cause in his own country and times, and may still be consulted with great advantage." It was published in 1632; in Latin in 1636 (Genev. 4 to); and a translation into English in 1651, under the title of A Treatise concerning the right Use of the Fathers in the Decision of Controversies that are at this Day in Religion (new ed. by Jekyll, Lond. 1841, 12 mo; Amer. ed. Phila. 1842, 12 mo). We have translations also of his Exposition of the Philippians, by Sherman (Lond. 1841, imp. 8 vo); Exposition of Colossians, by Sherman (Lond. 1841, imp. 8 vo). Among his other writings are De Cultibus Latinorum (Genev. 1671, 4 to); De Ponis et Satisfactionibus humanis (Amst. 4 to); De la Creance des Peres sur le fait des Images (8 vo); De Corfirmatione et ext. unctione (Genev. 1659, 4 to); De Auriculari Confessione (Genev. 1661, 4 to); De Pseudepigraphis Apostolicis (1658, 8 vo); and 20 volumes of sermons. \emdash See Haag, La France Protestante, 4:181; LVAL Rich, Biog. Dictionary, s. v.; Life of Daille, prefixed to his Right Use of the Fathers; Chase, in Bibliotheca Sacra, 4:5 sq.; Bayle, Dictionary, s. v.; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, 12:790.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } fLVALx{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAILY CELEBRATION OF THE HOLY COMMUNION\par \par Daily Celebration of the Holy Communion\par \par is mentioned in Acts 2:42-46; and by Tertullian, Cyprian, Irenaeus, Ambrose, Gregory, and Stephen of Autun, and is provided for in the Church of England.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAILY\par \par Daily\par \par occurs in the Engl. version of our Lord's Prayer as the rendering of \par <START GREEK>e)piou/sio$\par <END GREEK> (Matt 6:11; Luke 11:3), which literally means for subsistence, i. e. needful, as it probably should have been translated. The same Greek word occurs nowhere else, although several Hebrew and Greek words are thus translated in other passages. Conant, however (Revised Version of Matthew, N. Y. 1860, p. 30), maintains the correctness of the Auth. Vers., as does also Schaff (in Lange's Matthew, p. 121). But this involves a palpable tautology. See DAY. Treatises on the phrase "daily bread" have been written in Latin by Kirchmaier (Viteb. 1711), Kortholt (Kil. 1677), Stolberg (Viteb. 1688), Pfeiffer (Regiom. 1689), Zorn (Opusc. 1:465-503). See LORD'S PRAYER.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALa{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAILY OFFERING\par Daily Offering\par or SACRIFICE (<START HEBREW>\'c1tl^ou dym!T*h^<END HEBREW>\par , the continual offering; Josephus <START GREEK>\par o(lokau/twma e)ndel xismou=, e)ndelexismo/$<END GREEK>\par , War, 7:2, 1), (in Dan 8:12 sq.; 11:31; 12:11) and the Talmud (simply <START HEBREW>dym!T*h^<END HEBREW>\par , "the continual," sacrificium juge), was a burnt-offering of two year-old lambs, which were daily immolated in the name of the whole Israelitish people (<START GREEK>\par e)k tou= dhmosi/ou a/nalw/mato$<END GREEK>\par , Joseph. Ant. 3, 10, 1) upon the great altar; the first lamb early (as soon as it became light, Mishna, Tamid, 3, 2; no reliance is to be placed upon Zorn's treatise De certis tempp. in jugi sacrifcio ap. Ebr. offerendo, in the Miscell. Lips. Nov. 2:1 sq.), the other (<START HEBREW>br#u# tj^n=m!<END HEBREW>\par , "the evening oblation," Dan 9:21) at evening (more definitely "<START HEBREW>/yB@ <y]B^r=u^h*<END HEBREW>\par , between the two evenings, See PASSOVER; according to Pesach, v. 1, the eve-offering was sacrificed as a rule between the eighth-and-a-half and the ninth-and-a-half hour [2.5 to 3.5 o'clock P.M.], but on Sabbath-eve and Passover-eve [14 th Nisan] one hour earlier; Josephus, Ant. 14:4, 3, designates "about the ninth hour" as the time; comp., however, Jonathan's Targum, Gen 49:27. This was the usual termination of a fast [q. v.], Dan 9:21; Acts 3:1; 10:3,30), each with one tenth of an ephah of fine wheaten flour as a meat offering, and a quarter of a hin of wine as a drink offering (Ex 29:38-42; Num 28:3-8; Ezra 3:5). It was not superseded by the Sabbath or festival offerings (Num 28:9 sq., 15 sq.; not even by those of the Passover, Pesach, v. 1). The regulations concerning the preparation of the priests for this annual religious se LVAL( rvice, the allotment of the several operations, and the ritual of the sacrifice itself, were eventually prescribed in the tract Tamid (Mishna, v. 10), which Iken has illustrated with erudite explanation (Brem. 1736; and in Ugolini Thesaur. 19); comp. also Loscan, De Sacrificio Quotid. (Lips. 1718). In the (last) Temple there was a lamb-apartment in the north-west corner for the special purpose of this offering (Tamid, 3, 3). See SACRIFICE.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par }  LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAILY PREFACE\par \par Daily Preface\par \par is the preface used on all ferial days in the Church of England, immediately before the Sanctus, in the service of the holy communion.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } pLVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAILY SERVICE\par Daily Service\par or PRAYERS. In the ancient Church, wherever it was practicable, daily service was established, at which every clergyman was compelled to attend, under pain of suspension or deprivation, whether it was his duty to officiate or not. This subject is determined by several councils, by the first council of Toledo, and by that of Agde: the law of Justinian punishes the neglect of this duty with degradation, because of the scandal it gives to the laity. In some churches a daily celebration of the Lord's Supper seems to have been recommended, and to some extent practiced. There are found testimonies on this subject in Tertullian, Cyprian, and Irenaeus; the last of whom says; "It is the will of our Lord that we should make our offering at his altar frequently, and without intermission." But there was no fixed and express rule as to the time of celebration. The rubric of the Church of England declares that all "priests and deacons are to say daily the morning and evening prayer, either privately or openly, not being let by sickness or some other urgent cause. And the curate that ministereth in every parish church or chapel, being at home, and not being otherwise reasonably hindered, shall say the same in the parish church or chapel where he ministereth, and shall cause a bell to be tolled thereunto a convenient time before he begin, that the people may come to hear God's word and to pray with him." But this rule is now a dead letter. \emdash Prayer-book, Preface; Bingham, Orig. Eccl. bk. vi, chap. 3, \'a7 5, 6; Procter, On Common Prayer, p. 195-197.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } >LVALN{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAILY, WILLIAM M.\par Daily, William M., D.D., LL.D.\par a Methodist Episcopal minister, was born at Coshocton, Ohio, in 1812. He spent his childhood on a farm in Franklin County, Indiana; learned all he could at the accessible schools by the time he was fifteen; then began teaching; was converted; commenced preaching the next year, and in 1831 entered the Indiana Conference. In 1836 he was stationed at Bloomington, and graduated at Indiana State University. In 1838 he was transferred to the Missouri Conference, and stationed at St. Louis. Soon after he was elected a. professor in St. Charles College. In 1840 he returned, to Indiana, broken in health, and suffering from hemorrhage of the lungs. In 1843 he re-entered the active ranks as pastor at Madison, Indiana; in 1844 and 1845 was chaplain in the United States Congress; then again entered the regular work; was elected president of Indiana State University in 1853; and in 1862 appointed hospital chaplain at St. Louis, which position he held until 1865, when he went South as special mail-agent. In 1869 he connected himself with the Louisiana Conference, and served the Church as presiding elder till his decease, in January 1877. See Minutes of Annual Conference, 1878, page 6.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAIMBERT\par Daimbert or Dagobert\par the first Latin patriarch of Jerusalem. While he was bishop of Pisa, pope Urban II conferred upon him the sovereignty of Corsica for an annual tribute of fifty lives, and appointed him papal legate in the East. In Nov. 1095, Daimbert was present at the Council of Clermont when Urban II preached the first crusade, and he joined the crusade at the head of troops from Pisa and Genoa. When Daimbert arrived in Palestine, Godfrey of Bouillon was already master of Jerusalem. At a general meeting of the Christian chiefs, held on Christmas. 1099, Daimbert was elected patriarch of Jerusalem, in the place of one Arnulphus who was deposed. Godfrey had to leave to Daimbert the sovereignty of Jaffa, and of that quarter of Jerusalem in which the Church of the Resurrection was situated. On the death of Godfrey, Daimbert aspired to the throne of Jerusalem, but finally had to yield to Baldwin, and to crown the new king. Falling out with Baldwin, he was expelled by the latter, and Arnulphus returned to the patriarchate. Daimbert went to Italy, and prevailed upon pope Pascal II to decide in his favor. He intended to return to Jerusalem and to enforce the papal decision, but died on his way at Palermo, in 1107. \emdash Hoefer, Biographie Generale, 12:792.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVAL |{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIRCHELL\par \par Dairchell\par \par (or Daircholla), an Irish bishop of Glendalough, was the son of Curetai. He died in 678, and is commemorated May 3.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIRA\par \par Daira\par \par in Greek mythology, "the omniscient," a divine being in the Eleusinian Mysteries, mother of Eleusis, by Mercury, is declared one sometimes with Venus, sometimes with Ceres, also with Juno and Proserpina.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAINS-LEIF\par \par Dains-leif\par \par in Norse mythology, is the sword of king Hogni, the father of the sorceress Hildur. The sword had been made by dwarfs, and had the attribute that, once unsheathed, it must shed blood, and that the wounds made by it were incurable. The war, which originated between Hogni and Hedin, from the seizure of Hildur, will continue, by the force of this sword and Hildur's strategy, to the end of the world.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIRI\par \par Dairi\par \par the spiritual head or supreme pontiff of the Shinto (q.v.) religion of Japan. At one time he combined in his own person the offices of secular and ecclesiastical ruler of the country. Towards the end of the 16 th century, however, the temporal power was taken from him, leaving him only the spiritual.. His position is one of great dignity, and he attempts to maintain it with suitable display. The descendants of the royal family all belong to his court, and have now become so numerous that they are obliged to labor at the most humble occupations to maintain their outward dignity. The person of the Dairi is regarded as very sacred, even as above all mortal imperfection. When he dies, the next heir (of whatever age or sex) succeeds to the office thus made vacant. At such a time he is said to renovate his soul, that is, to be renewed in the form of his successor. The Dairi confers all titles of honor, and canonizes the. saints.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIRE\par \par Daire\par \par (or Daria) is the name of several saints given in the Irish calendars, but sufficient cannot be found to give them a well-defined individuality or place in history.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAISAN\par \par Dai'san\par \par (\par <START GREEK>Daisa/n\par <END GREEK> v. r. \par <START GREEK>Desa/n\par <END GREEK>, Vulg. Desanon), the head of one of the families of temple-servants that returned from Babylon (1 Esdras v: 31); evidently a corruption (<START HEBREW>r\par <END HEBREW> being mistaken for <START HEBREW>d\par <END HEBREW>) for the REZIN See REZIN (q.v.) of the Hebrew texts (Ezra 2:48; Neh 7:50).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAIS\par \par Dais\par \par is (1) tabernacle work, canopies; (2) the raised platform for the principal table in the hall, hence called the high table; (3) the canopy over a president's chair. The stall-like seat of the archbishop of Canterbury remains at Mayfield, and forms the centre of the table.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } JLVALx \{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAJAL\par \par Dajal\par \par the name which Mohammed gave to the antichrist or false Christ, whose appearance he regarded as one of the ten signs which should precede the resurrection. The prophet thus describes him: "Verily he is of low stature, although bulky;, and has splay feet, and is blind, with his flesh even on one side of his face. without the mark of an eye, and his other eye is neither full nor sunk into his head. Then, if you should have a doubt about Dajal, know that your cherisher (God) is not blind." He describes him as coming with deceptions, and displaying miraculous power. He succeeds for a certain time, until the advent of Christ shall put an elnd to him and his followers.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAJAK VERSION\par \par Dajak Version Of The Scriptures\par \par The Dajak is spoken in Borneo. A translation of the New Test. was commenced by missionaries of the Rhenish mission in 1843, and completed in 1846. It was printed under the superintendence of Mr. A. Hardiland, at the Cape of Good Hope. This version is written in a dialect of the Dajak called Poelopetak, which prevails almost over the whole south side of Borneo. A new and revised edition was published in 1859.\par \par B. P. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par }  LVAL 4{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAKIN, JOSEPH\par \par Dakin, Joseph\par \par an English Wesleyan minister, was born at Castleton, Derbyshire. He commenced his ministry in 1811, worked hard, and died suddenly at Thirsk, January 8, 1818, aged thirty-one years.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAKIN, ANN\par \par Dakin, Ann\par \par wife of John Dakin, was a minister of the Society of Friends, and died in Charlotte, Vermont, March 28, 1861, aged fifty-nine years. She became a member when about twenty-two years of age, and for many years was an acceptable minister. In 1850, however, she withdrew from the society, but towards the close of her life reunited with the Friends. See Amer. Annual Monitor, 1862, page 42.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAKHANI VERSION\par \par Dakhani Version Of The Scriptures\par \par The Dakhani is a dialect of Hindostanee current in the Madras presidency, and is used by the Mohammedains. The first parts of Scripture, Genesis and the fomer gospels, were published about the year 1862, to which were added, in 1868, the other parts of the New Test.\par \par B. P. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } DLVALV{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAKOTA VERSION\par \par Dakota Version Of The Scriptures\par \par Till the year 1839 no edition of any portion of the Scripture was printed for the Dakota or Sioux Indians. But in 1879 the entire Bible, the work of the Reverends Th. S. Williamson and S.R. Riggs, was given to the Dakota people. Forty years these two missionaries spent in their work, each laboring separately, but having the translation carefully read and freely criticised by the other.\par \par B. P. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAKINS, WILLIAM\par \par Dakins, William (1)\par \par one of the translators of King James's Bible, was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, where he became a junior fellow October 3, 1593, and senior fellow the following March. In 1601 he was made Greek lecturer of that college, and in 1604, was chosen professor of divinity in. Gresham College. He died in February 1607. He was one of two who translated the epistles of St. Paul and the canonical epistles, but did not live to see the work completed. See Chalmers, Biog. Dict. s.v.; Allibone, Dict. of Brit. and Amer. Authors, s.v.\par \par \par \par Dakins, William (2), D.D.\par \par an English clergyman, published a translation of the History of Catherine, Empress of Russia (1798, 2 volumes), and several single Sermons. See Allibone, Dict. of Brit. and Amer. Authors; s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par }  LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAKPA-ZAMO\par \par Dakpa-zamo\par \par in Lamian mythology, is one of the most frightful divisions of hell. It belongs to the eight regions into which hell. (Gnielva) is divided; and in this place the damned are tortured by fire until the pain kills them, but immediately they awake to new life and new tortures.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } :LVALJ{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DAKSHA\par Daksha\par in Hindu mythology, is a powerful uncreated spirit, sprung from Brahma's thumb, and therefore one of the ten rulers of all beings. He had no son, but fifty daughters by his wife Prassudi, the daughter of Suayambhu. These daughters were given away in marriage that they might bear him sons. Twenty-seven of the same were given to Chiandra, the god of the moon; thirteen to Kasyapa, Brahma's grandson; seven to Darma, the god of justice and benevolence; of the remaining three, Akni received one, Werotren another, and the last and most beautiful, Shakti, was given to Siva. The ten rulers, of whom Daksha was one, gave a great feast once, to which all the gods were invited. When Daksha entered the gods all arose out of respect to him, save Siva, who remained seated. Daksha then insulted him, without Siva saying anything. Some time thereafter Daksha invited all the gods to another festival, but overlooked Siva and his wife Shakti. Although Siva sought to persuade her not to go, Shakti went to the festival, and was treated with insult. She then said she would lay aside the body she received from Daksha, and take on another. This took place, and she was born as Parwadi; but Siva, in anger over his loss, tore a hair from his head, out of which there came a giant, who cut off Daksha's head, set his house on fire, and burned his head up with it. The gods prayed Siva's forgiveness, which was granted. But as Daksha's head did not exist, he placed a goat's head in its stead.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVAL,{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DAKSHINAS\par \par Dakshinas\par \par or right-hand form of worship among the Hindus, that is, when the worship of any goddess is performed in a public manner and agreeably to the Vedas or Puranas. The only ceremony which can be supposed to form an exception to the general character of this mode is the Bali, an offering of blood, in which rite a number of animals, usually kids, are annually decapitated. In some cases life is offered without shedding blood, when the more barbarous practice is adopted of pummelling the poor animal to death with the fists; at other times blood only is offered, without injury to life. Such practices are not considered orthodox,\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALAI-LAMA\par \par Dalai-Lama\par \par the great high-priest of the inhabitants of Tartary and Thibet. See LAMATSM.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALADAI\par \par Daladai\par \par the left canine tooth of Buddha, the most celebrated relic in the possession of his followers. To preserve this, the only portion which remains of the body of the holy sage, a temple has been erected, in which it is deposited, being placed in a small chamber, enshrined in six cases, the largest of them being upwards of five feet in height, and formed of silver, on the model of a dagoba (q.v.). The same shape is preserved in the five inner ones, two of them being inlaid with rubies and other precious stones. The relic itself "is a piece of discolored ivory or bone, slightly curved, nearly two inches in length, and one in diameter at the base; and from thence to the other extremity, which is rounded and blunt, it considerably decreases in size." The history of this venerable relic is given by Hardy, in Eastern Monachism, page 224 sq.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALv h2{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALBERG, WOLFGANG DE\par \par Dalberg, Wolfgang de\par \par chamberlain of Worms, was raised to the dignity of archbishop and of elector of Mentz. He died in 1601. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALBERG, ADOLPHUS\par \par Dalberg, Adolphus\par \par prince-abbot of Fulda, founded, in 1734, in this celebrated abbey, a Catholic university. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALAIAH\par \par Dalai'ah\par \par (1 Chron 3:24), the same name elsewhere more correctly Anglicized DELAIAH (q.v.).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALr{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DALBERG, KARL THEODOR\par Dalberg, Karl Theodor,\par baron of Dalberg, was born Feb. 8, 1744, at Hernsheim, near Worms; he studied at G\'f6ttingen and Heidelberg; became, while yet very young, prebendary of Mayence, and canon of Worms and Wurzburg. In 1772, as governor of Erfurt, he gave a great impulse to agriculture, commerce, and industry. In 1787 he became coadjutor of the elector of Mayence and the bishop of Worms; was made bishop of Constance in 1788, and soon after archbishop of Tarsus. The last elector of Mayence died in 1802, and as, by the treaty of Luneville, the electorate of Mayence on the one side of the Rhine had been abolished and on the other secularized, Dalberg became arch-chancellor, which position he held with great credit; but by suppressing the convents he incurred the hatred of the clergy, and by sympathy for France that of Germany. In 1804 he was present at the coronation of the emperor at Paris. When the confederacy of the Rhine was formed he had to resign his office, but, in exchange, was made prince-primate of the confederacy, and was Napoleon's adviser in spiritual and ecclesiastical matters. He afterwards became grandduke of Frankfort, and appointed Eugene Beauharnais as his successor. In 1813 he renounced his title, went first to Constance, where he protected the vicar general Wessenberg from the enmity of the pope, and afterwards returned to Regensburg, where he lived in retirement on a pension of 100,000 florins, and died Feb. 10, 1817. His principal works are, Betrachtungen i. d. Universum (Frankf. 1777; 6 th ed. 1819); Verhaltniss zwischen Moral end Staftskunst (Frankf. 1786); Grundsaitze d. Esthetik (Erf. 791); Von d. Bewusstsein als allgem. Grunde d. Weltweisheit (Erf. 1793); Betrachtungen ueber d. Charakter Karls d. Gr. (Erfurt, 1806); Perikles (Rome, 1811). See  LVAL Kramer, Geddichtniss-schrift auf K. von Dalberg (Gotha, 1817). \emdash Hoefer, Nouv. Biographie Generale, 12:802.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } LVAL<{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALBHACH\par \par Dalbhach\par \par (Lat. Dalmacius), an Irish saint of CouilCollainge, lived about the first half of the 7 th century. He was of the race of Oilill Flaunbeg, a disciple of St. Abban and a friend of St. Caiman. He was a strict performer of penance, and it is said that "he never touched his hand to his side as long as he lived." He is commemorated October 23.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALBEY, JOEL\par \par Dalbey, Joel\par \par a Methodist Protestant minister, was born in Ohio, June 1, 1810. He was converted in early life; in 1828 licensed to preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church; in 1859 joined the Methodist Protestant Church, and thereafter labored successively on various circuits in Ohio and Pennsylvania. In 1841 he was elected president of the Pittsburgh Conference, and in 1843 to the presidency of the Muskingum Conference; in 1846 was transferred to the Ohio Conference, but in 1851 removed to St. Charles County, Missouri, and settled on a farm. He next entered the Illinois Conference, and in 1860 joined, the North Iowa Conference, in which he labored until his death, November 22, 1869. See Bassett, History of the Meth. Protestant Church, page 379.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALBY, WILLIAM\par \par Dalby, William\par \par an English Wesleyan minister, was born at Sutton-Bonnington, Nottinghamshire, June 10, 1783. He united with the Methodist society at the age of seventeen, entered the ministry in 1807, became a supernumerary at the end of forty-four years, took up his abode at Wisbeach, Cambridgeshire, and labored until his death, March 12, 1860. See Minutes of the British Conference, 1860.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALBIN, JEAN\par \par Dalbin, Jean\par \par a French theologian, was born at Toulouse about 1530, and was appointed archdeacon of the cathedral of that city. He wrote several religious and controversial works, the principal of which are, Discours, etc. (Paris, 1566; Avignon, 1567): \emdash Le Sacrement de I'Autel (Paris, 1566): \emdash Opuscules'Spirituels (ibid. 1567): \emdash La Marque de l'Eglise (ibid. 1568). See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par }  LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALBY, WILLIAM LEE\par \par Dalby, William Lee\par \par a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church South, was born in Northampton County, Virginia, July 6, 1825. He was licensed to preach in 1848; joined the Virginia Conference in 1852; and labored until his death, February 7, 1866. See Minutes of Annual Conferences of the M.E. Church South, 1866, page 7.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par }  LVAL0{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALCHO, FREDERICK\par \par Dalcho, Frederick, M.D.\par \par a Protestant Episcopal minister, was born in London, England, in 1770, of Prussian parents. He received a classical and medical education in Baltimore, Maryland, and obtained a physician's commission in the American army. In 1799 he resigned and removed to Charleston, S.C. About 1807 he became editor of the Charleston Courier; but in 1811 was appointed lay-reader in St. Paul's Parish, Colleton; in 1814 was ordained deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and became pastor of the same parish; June 12, 1818, he was admitted to the priesthood; and February 23, 1819, elected assistant minister of St. Michael's Church in Charleston. He died there, November 24, 1836. His principal publication is, Historical Account of the M.E. Church in South Carolina. He also wrote, The Divinity of our Saviour: \emdash The Evidence from Prophecy, etc.; and was the projector, and for a long time the principal conductor, of the Gospel Messenger. See Sprague, Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, 5:560.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } 6LVALH{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, HERVEY SMITH\par \par Dale, Hervey Smith\par \par a Baptist minister, was born at Danvers, Massachusetts, in 1812. He graduated from Brown University in 1834, and from Union Theological Seminary in 1841; was ordained the same year, and settled at Newport, Ohio, until 1851; was pastor at Lebanon for several years, from 1852; in 1856 became agent for the Western Baptist Educational Society; and died in Cincinnati in 1857. See Genesis Cat. of Union Theol. Sem. 1876, page 19.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, ABNER\par \par Dale, Abner\par \par a German Reformed minister, was born near Boalsburg, Center County, Pennsylvania, November 17, 1829. He graduated from Marshall College in 1852, and from the theological seminary at Mercersburg in 1856. Soon after he was ordained pastor at Fairview, Butler County; and from 1860 to 1866 he served successively Rimersbuig and Mercer Mission. His health failing, he was without a charge for several years, but finally accepted a call again to Fairview, and labored there until his death, January 16, 1875. See Harbaugh, Fathers of the Germ. Ref. Church, 5:189.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVALy{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DALE, ANTONIUS VAN\par Dale or Dalen, Antonius Van,\par was born Nov. 8,1638, in Haarlem. He was brought up to business against his will. At the age of thirty he applied himself to the study of the ancient languages, and at the same time to that of medicine. He became a practising physician, and attained distinction in his profession. His faithful and disinterested attention to his poor patients secured him high praise. He also exercised for a time his preaching gift among the Mennonites; but his sermons were overloaded with learned citations, and hence were hardly acceptable to the people. His European reputation rests, however, on the learned works which he wrote against what he regarded as superstition. In 1683 he published De oraculis Efhnicorum dissertationes duce, quorum prioar de ipsorum duratione ac defectu, posterior de eorundf in auctoribus (Amst. 8 vo). In this work he combated the opinion that demoniac influence was exerted in connection with the oracles of the ancients, and that sorcery is to be ascribed to Satan. The work. produced a great sensation. Fontenelle made free use of it in the composition of his Histoire des oracles (Paris, 1707, 12 mo). He wrote several other works in Latin, and one in his native tongue, on the same subject, discrediting belief in Satanic agency, especially when applied to the interpretation of Scripture. He also published a Dissert. super Aristea de LXX interpretibus, with a history of ceremonies of baptism among the Jews, and among the various Christian communions (Amst. 1704, 4 to). He died Nov. 28,1708, deeply lamented. I. Clericus, T. Janssonius, and Prof. Morus were among his friends.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par LVAL} zLVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, JEREMIAH\par \par Dale, Jeremiah\par \par a Baptist minister, was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, in 1787. He was converted at the age of eighteen; in 1816 removed to Zanesville, Ohio; in 1823 was ordained, and performed much itinerant service, both in Ohio and Virginia; in the spring of 1831 returned to Danvers, where he died, September 4 of that year. See Christian Watchman, September 16, 1831.\par \par J. C. S. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, I.A\par \par Dale, I.A.\par \par a Baptist minister, was born in De Kalb County, Tennessee, in 1825. He united with the Church in 1849; the same year was licensed to preach; ordained in June 1853; labored in the southern part of Illinois; and died at Sandoval, January 18, 1875. See Minutes of Ill. Anniversaries, 1875, page 7.\par \par J. C. S. \par \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL|{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fprq2\fcharset0 Georgia;}{\f1\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\lang1033\f0\fs28 DALE, JAMES WILKINSON\par Dale, James Wilkinson, D.D.\par a Presbyterian minister, was born at Odessa, Delaware, October 16, 1812. He received his preparatory education in Philadelphia under Mr. Cleanthus Felt; graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1831, and began the study of law in Philadelphia. In the fall of 1832 he entered Andover Theological Seminary; joined the middle class in Princeton Theological Seminary in the fall of 1833; the next year returned to the seminary at Andover, and graduated in 1835. He was licensed by Andover Association, April 16, visited the churches of Long Island, and those of eastern Massachusetts the year following, presenting the missionary cause, and was ordained at Dracut, August 29, 1837, as an appointee of the American Board of Commissioners for. Foreign Missions; but the financial condition of the society preventing it from sending him abroad, he studied medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, graduating April 6, 1838; and supplying at the same time the Fifth and the Fifteenth Presbyterian churches in that city. He was an agent of the Pennsylvania Bible Society, and labored for it throughout the state for the next seven years; was pastor of Ridley and Middletown churches, Delaware County, from May 17, 1846, to April 8, 1858; at Media, in the same county, from October 26, 1866, to August 3, 1871; and at Wayne from September 28, 1871, to October 23, 1876. He died at Media, April 19, 1881. Dr. Dale published many works, the chief of which are a masterly series on Baptism (Phila. 1867-1874, 4 volumes, 8 vo), in opposition to the views of Baptists. Prof. A.C. Kendrick reviewed the volume entitled Classic Baptism, in the Baptist Quarterly, April 1869; Prof. Broadus his Patristic and Christie Baptism, in the same Review. 1875, page 245; and Dr. Whitsitt ga LVAL ve a general reply to Dr. Dale's works in the Baptist Quarterly, April 1877. See also the scholarly and valuable book by David B. Ford, entitled, Studies on the Baptismal Question, including a Review of Dr. Dal (Bost. 1879, 8 vo).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \cf1\f1\fs29\par } VLVAL. h{\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, SAMUEL\par \par Dale, Samuel\par \par a Methodist Episcopal minister, was a member of the Delaware Conference, and after many years of active service died at Middletown, Delaware, November 16, 1873, aged seventy-three. See Minutes of Annual Conferences, 1873, page 77.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, JONATHAN\par \par Dale, Jonathan\par \par an English Congregational minister, was born at Goostrey, Cheshire, August 11, 1827. He joined the Wesleyans; studied at Richmond College; was preacher for nearly four years at Leicester; then united with the Independents; and in 1855 became pastor at Hallaton and Slawston, in Leicestershire. In 1859 he removed to Heanor; and in 1867 became pastor of the united churches of Repton and Barrow, where he remained until his death, May 29, 1872. See (Lond.) Cong. Year-book, 1873, page 322.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, THOMAS\par \par Dale, Thomas\par \par an English divine and poet, was born in London in 1797. He was educated at Cambridge, ordained in 1823, and after several successive appointments as curate and lecturer, was professor of English literature in London University from 1828 to 1830. In 1835 he became vicar of St. Bride, Fleet Street; in 1836 professor of English literature in King's College, London; resigned in 1839; in 1843 was made canon of St. Paul's; and in 1870 dean of Rochester. He died May 14 of the same year, leaving several volumes of Sermons: and Poems. \par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALE, THE KING'S\par \par Dale, The King's\par \par (<START HEBREW>El#M#h^ qm#u@\par <END HEBREW>, valley of the king), the name of a valley apparently near the Dead Sea, where Melchizedek met Abraham (Gen 14:17); otherwise called the Valley of Shaveh (q.v.), but identified by some with another of the same name (the modern Valley of Jehoshaphat, or, rather, its southern part, opening into the plot used for the king's garden, about the well of Job and the pool of Siloam), in which Absalom reared his family monument (2 Sam 18:18). See ABSALOM'S TOMB.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } LVAL {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALGARDNO, WILLIAM\par \par Dalgardno, William\par \par a Scotch clergyman, graduated at King's College, Aberdeen, in 1651; officiated at Walls and Flota for two years; was admitted to the living in 1657, and resigned on account of his age in 1699. See Fasti Eccles. Scoticanae, 3:404.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALEN, CORNELIS VAN\par \par Dalen, Cornelis Van\par \par a Flemish engraver, was born at Antwerp about 1640, and was called the Younger to distinguish him from his father. He was a pupil of Cornelis Visscher, and executed a number of pictures after his style, among which are, The Adoration of the Shepherds; The Virgin with the Infant Jesus. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v.; Spooner, Biog. Hist. of the Fine Arts, s.v.\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic Database. Copyright \'a9 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc. All rights reserved.)\par \par } {\rtf1\ansi\deff0{\fonttbl{\f0\fnil\fcharset0 Georgia;}} {\colortbl ;\red0\green0\blue0;} {\*\generator Riched20 5.40.11.2210;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\cf1\lang1033\f0\fs29 DALEITES\par \par Daleites\par \par followers of David Dale, pastor of an Independent congregation at Glasgow. Since the death of Mr. Dale they have formed a connection with the Inghamites (q.v.).\par (from McClintock and Strong Encyclopedia, Electronic